African American
What Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional?
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
What amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920?
The 19th Amendment
What law granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans in 1924?
The Indian Citizenship Act
How did the Harlem Renaissance challenge racial segregation and discrimination?
It celebrated Black culture through music, literature, and art, promoting civil rights and challenging racist stereotypes.
What law, passed in 1972, expanded women’s rights in education and sports?
Title IX
What Native American activist group was founded in 1968 to fight for indigenous rights?
The American Indian Movement (AIM)
What were the major differences between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X’s approaches to civil rights?
King promoted nonviolent resistance and integration, while Malcolm X initially supported Black nationalism and self-defense before shifting toward a more inclusive approach
How did women contribute to the Civil Rights Movement, and why are they often overlooked?
Women like Rosa Parks, Ella Baker, and Fannie Lou Hamer were key organizers and activists, but male leaders often received more public recognition.
What was the purpose of the occupation of Alcatraz by Native American activists from 1969 to 1971?
Protesters demanded the return of Native lands, drawing national attention to indigenous rights.
How did the Black Panther Party’s philosophy differ from earlier civil rights organizations?
Unlike groups like the NAACP, the Black Panthers supported armed self-defense, community programs, and a more radical stance against systemic racism
What were the main goals of the Women’s Liberation Movement in the 1960s and 1970s?
It sought equality in employment, education, reproductive rights, and an end to discrimination against women
How did the Dawes Act (1887) contribute to the loss of Native American lands?
It divided tribal lands into individual plots, forcing assimilation and leading to massive land loss to non-Native ownership.
What was the impact of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and how was it overturned?
It established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legalizing segregation. It was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Who was Ida B. Wells, and how did her activism challenge both racial and gender discrimination?
She was a journalist and anti-lynching activist who fought for civil rights and women’s suffrage, despite facing discrimination from both white and Black organizations.
What was the Trail of Broken Treaties, and how did it impact federal policies toward Native Americans?
It was a 1972 protest that exposed broken treaties, leading to reforms in tribal self-governance and federal recognition of Native rights.