The 4 Spheres
Name the sphere that includes all living things.
Biosphere
Heat always moves from ________ to ________.
Hot to cold
What is the main difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?
Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells do not.
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?
Troposphere
What is the main organelle that allows plants to make their own food?
Chloroplast
Which sphere contains rocks, soil, and landforms?
Geosphere
Name the 3 types of heat transfer.
Conduction, convection, radiation
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration.
Where is air pressure greater: at sea level or the top of a mountain?
At sea level
Cold air pushes under warm air, causing storms or cooler weather.
Cold front
Name the sphere that includes all of Earth’s water.
Hydrosphere
What causes wind to blow?
Differences in air pressure
What does the nucleus do in a cell?
It controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA.
How does the sun’s energy hit the Earth at the equator compared to the poles?
The sun’s energy hits directly at the equator and at an angle at the poles.
What is the difference between a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism?
Unicellular organisms have one cell, while multicellular organisms are made of many cells.
How does the atmosphere interact with the hydrosphere during a hurricane?
The atmosphere causes strong winds and rain, which churn the water in the hydrosphere.
What happens to air pressure as elevation increases?
Decreases
What is facilitated diffusion, and how does it differ from regular diffusion?
It’s diffusion that uses transport proteins to move molecules across the membrane.
What happens to molecules when a substance is heated?
They move faster and spread apart.
What causes the air to move in a hurricane?
Low pressure and warm ocean water create strong winds.
Describe how all 4 spheres interact during a volcanic eruption.
The geosphere releases lava and ash, the atmosphere carries ash and gases, the biosphere is impacted by habitat destruction, and the hydrosphere can be affected if water is polluted.
Explain how a convection current is created between the equator and the poles.
The sun heats air at the equator, causing it to rise. It then cools and sinks as it moves toward the poles, creating a circulation pattern.
Explain the function of the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Mitochondria produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, while chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in plant cells.
What happens when barometric pressure decreases, like in a hurricane?
It leads to stronger winds and storm activity.
Why do molecules spread out when heated?
Heat gives molecules more energy, causing them to move faster and spread apart.