Population
What are metapopulations?
Smaller discrete populations that are connected via migration.
Out of the four factors of evolution, which one is the main driver for evolution?
Natural selection.
What type of experiment would you use to test the difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
The removal experiment
Define Herbivory
Herbivory is the negative impact on plants from animals due to the removal of biomass
What is the difference between a ramet and a genet?
A ramet is the unit for clonal growth, and a genet is a unique genotype that includes all ramets.
What is evolution?
The genetic change inherited across generations.
What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition?
Intraspecific competition is when there is competition in a population of the same species of organisms. Interspecific competition is when there is competition in a population of different species of organisms.
What is the difference between predators and grazers?
Predators eat the whole plant including seeds, which will most likely kill the plant, and grazers only eat part of the biomass leaving the plant to survive.
Which survivorship curve does plants belong to?
Type III
What are the parts of the partitioning phenotypic variation equation?
Genotype, environment, phenotype, and error.
In competitive ability, what is the difference between the effect and response of competition?
The effect includes the reduction of recourses, and the response is the ability of the species to with stand the reduction of recourses.
What is a trophic cascade?
A restructure of an ecosystem that leaves it in a chain reaction that most likely will collapse.
Define semelparity and iteroparity.
semelparity only produces once in a lifetime, and iteroparity produces multiple times.
What are the benefits and costs of inbreeding?
Benefits: Reproductive assurance,
colonization ability, reduced energetic costs
Costs: Inbreeding depression, long term
adaptability
What is competitive exclusion principle?
Two different species cannot coexist in the same realized niche.
What is the difference between constitutive and induced defenses in the plant?
Constitutive defenses are defenses that already exist like thorns. Induced defenses are defenses that only activate during an attack, like injecting poison, or specified growth.
What happens if you change the amount of plants in a given stage of plant growth by a smaller degree? (hint: effect on lambda)
The population of the next generations should go down.
What were the two experiments discussed in lecture that tested the adaptive phenotypic plasticity hypothesis?
Factorial experimental design, and reciprocal transplants.
What types of mechanics might promote species to co-exist in the same niche?
different niches (specialization), different food, competition interrupted or limited by disturbance, not enough time passing, stochastic events, or the limitation by predation, parasitism, disease, herbivory
List as many of the popular major groups of secondary compounds as possible.
Terpenes include essential oils, phenolics include THC which is used in hallucinogen treatments, Glycosides which include digitoxin, which is a heart medication, and alkaloids, which include caffeine, which is a stimulant.