Legal/Ethical
This type of consent when dealing with minors/mentally ill patients where guardians/law enforcement provide consent, or when forcibly restraining someone in a true emergency with medical control approval.
What is the hallmark sound made by children with croup?
"Seal like bark" - A type of stridor
What are the different electrical pacemaker sites in order from the top to bottom of the heart? (6)
sino-atrial, internodal pathways, atrioventricular, Bundle of His, Bundle branch blocks, Perkinje fibers
Define shock
Inadequate tissue perfusion
What is 42
Unlike a living will or general advance directive, which provides future care preferences, this specific advanced directive is an immediate, actionable medical order that EMS must honor in an emergency.
What is POLST/MOLST?
Refers to the theory that some COPD patients, with chronically high CO2, switch their primary breathing stimulus from CO2 buildup to low oxygen (hypoxia), so giving them too much oxygen might suppress their drive to breathe, causing apnea
What is hypoxic drive
The type of shock that results from the heart’s inability to pump effectively.
3 examples
Cardiogenic shock
Abnormal EKG, CHF, MI
3 reasons that would cause widespread vasodilation
Sepsis, neurogenic shock, anaphylaxis
According to the NREMT, what are the different organ systems that can be affected (8 of them)
Pulmonary, Cardiovascular, Reproductive, Integumentary, GI/GU, Psychosocial, Neurological, Musculoskeletal
Once you have made contact with the patient, you are legally binded to maintain care until the patient refuses or you transport the patient to a care facility. This best describes which legal term?
What is Duty to act
A patient presents with sudden, sharp chest pain and absent breath sounds on one side. This life-threatening complication is likely.
A tearing chest pain radiating to the back is strongly associated with this condition.
What is the treatment?
What is an aortic dissection
O2, transport. (Yes, NTG would work, but not in our scope of practice)
Cool, pale, clammy skin results from activation of this nervous system branch.
What is the sympathetic nervous system
What are 3 things assessed on the chest,
What are 3 things assessed with the neck
Inspect, palpate, auscultate
JVD, tracheal deviation, cervical collar palpation
The level of skill and treatment a reasonably competent EMT with similar training would provide in the same situation, acting as a benchmark for quality care and legal protection
What is Standard of Care
What is the name of the mix of air, saliva, and blood?
What condition(s) would have it?
What is sputum
In a STEMI, this finding on a 12-lead ECG indicates full-thickness myocardial infarction. What does "STEMI" stand for? (Draw on board)
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
This stage of shock occurs when compensatory mechanisms fail and blood pressure falls.
What systolic BP would you call this point in the shock?
What will their heart rate be?
What is decompensated shock?
While assessing your patient, you find that he has muffled heart tones, narrowing pulse pressure, and JVD, which is indicitive of a pericardial tamponade. This is known as ________________
Beck's Triad
An EMT's written set of guidelines for managing patient conditions?
What are protocols
________is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and other conditions like COPD
What is albuterol?
yeah, that....
In speaking of neurogenic shock, what GCS would a patient with the following injury be?
Mumbles sounds when asked if he is ok, but follows commands
Responds to voice: 3
Inappropriate sounds: 2
Follows commands : 6
While assessing your head injury patient you notice that the patient with inadequate breathing has an erratic breathing pattern from deep to shallow breaths