Cellular respiration
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells release energy from food.
Does aerobic respiration require oxygen?
yes!
Does anaerobic respiration require oxygen?
No
Which microorganism is commonly used to make bread rise?
yeast
Which type of respiration supplies most ATP during comfortable walking?
Aerobic respiration
What is the main energy-carrying molecule produced during cellular respiration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What are the two main products of aerobic respiration besides ATP?
Carbon dioxide and water
Which produces more ATP per glucose: aerobic respiration or fermentation?
Aerobic respiration
Which gas is released during alcoholic fermentation?
CO2
What substance is produced in muscle cells during lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid (lactate)
What is the difference between breathing and cellular respiration?
Breathing moves air into and out of the lungs, while cellular respiration releases energy from food inside cells.
Approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
30–32 ATP
Is glucose completely broken down during fermentation?
No, glucose is incompletely broken down
What are the two main products of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Why do we breathe faster during intense exercise?
To take in more oxygen and remove additional carbon dioxide
What is the main function of mitochondria in cellular respiration?
They carry out most stages of aerobic respiration and produce most of the ATP.
Complete the equation: Glucose + Oxygen → ____ + ____ + Energy
Carbon dioxide + Water
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during fermentation?
2 ATP
Which type of fermentation is used by bacteria to make yogurt?
Lactic acid fermentation
Why do muscles increase anaerobic energy production during very intense exercise?
Because ATP demand can exceed what aerobic respiration can supply quickly enough
Explain how glucose, oxygen and ATP are connected in cellular respiration.
Cells break down glucose using oxygen during aerobic respiration, releasing energy that is captured in ATP.
Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (approximately 30–32 ATP)
Why is fermentation less energy-efficient than aerobic respiration?
Because glucose is not completely broken down, so much of its chemical energy remains in the products
Write the chemical equation for alcoholic fermentation
C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂ + Energy (2 ATP)
Why can the heart work continuously without becoming fatigued like skeletal muscles?
The heart has a rich oxygen supply through coronary arteries, many mitochondria and relies heavily on aerobic respiration