Supreme Court Cases
The Supreme court case in 1969 that cemented students rights to free speech in public schools.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
Gives Congress the power to make laws that are needed carry out the powers granted them by the Constitution
What is the Elastic Clause/Necessary and Proper Clause?
The Legislative Branch is established in this article of the Constitution
What is Article 1?
Which document, written by James Madison argued: "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires. But it could not be less folly to abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, because it nourishes faction, than it would be to wish the annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, because it imparts to fire its destructive agency.”
What is Federalist No. 10?
Protects a person from unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the 4th amendment?
The Supreme Court case that limited speech during war time.
What is Schenck v. United States?
Requires state governments to treat people similarly in similar circumstances. It is a part of the 14th amendment.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
The person known as "The Father of the Constitution"
Who is James Madison?
Created a weak central government, power lied with the states, it did provide a way to admit new states, but did not include a national court system.
What is the Articles of Confederation?
The five protections in the first amendment.
What are the rights to assembly, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom to petition?
The Supreme Court case that increased the power of the government under the Commerce Clause
What is McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
Obligates states to deliver captured fugitive criminals back to the state where they originally committed the crime.
What is the Extradition Clause?
Roger Sherman's proposal that created a bicameral congress composed of a House of Representative and a Senate. Provided for equal and proportional representation in the legislative branch.
What is The Great Compromise?
Explains that the concept of checks and balances will ensure that the central government does not become overly powerful. It argues that dividing the government into three branches, and allowing each branch enough power to limit the power of others, prevents one branch from becoming too powerful.
What is Federalist No. 51?
The amendment that prohibits the government from imposing excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishments
What is the 8th Amendment?
This case set the dealt with prior restraint, and protection the publication of print materials unless it endangers national security.
What is New York Times v. United States?
The clause(s) of the Second Amendment.
What are is the prefatory clause and operative clause?
This compromise dealt with how to determine the number of people within a state, which would then determine the number of representatives that state is alloted. This compromise led to the counting of three out of every five enslaved person towards a state's population
The 3/5ths Compromise
Anti-Federalist document. It argued that a strong national government would overpower state governments, diminishing their authority and influence.
What is Brutus No. 1?
"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence."
What is the 6th Amendment?
This case dealt with the free exercise clause, and disallowed prayer in public schools.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
This clause states that if state law and federal law contradict, the federal law trumps state law.
What is the Supremacy Clause?
This total number of articles in the Constitution
What is seven?
The following quote is from which foundational document: "When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."
What is the Declaration of Independence?
Due process rights are explicitly protected by name in these two amendments:
What are the 5th and 14th Amendments?