S&P
______ is involved when receptors in your eye detect light. _________ is involved when your brain recognizes that you are looking at the moon.
Sensation; perception
In operant conditioning, a dog who gets a treat for sitting receives _______ _________.
positive reinforcement
Remembering that your childhood bicycle was red is an example of ___ memory, while remembering how to ride a bike is an example of ___ memory.
explicit; implicit
True or False: You are more likely to remember information for an exam if you take the exam in an environment that differs greatly in its environmental set-up.
False
______ processing constructs perceptions from sensory input by drawing on your experience and expectations.
Top-down processing
Your eye doctor tests the pressure inside your eye with a device that clicks and then blows a puff of air into your open eye. This makes you flinch. In classical conditioning, your flinching is called the:
unconditioned response
Remembering that an animal is an emu is ____ memory, while remembering the first time you saw an emu is ____ memory.
semantic; episodic
This is an example of a chemical sense.
Smell
Taste
retinal receptors that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions and assist with color sensations
cones
Your eye doctor tests the pressure inside your eye with a device that clicks and then blows a puff of air into your open eye. The second time you do this, you flinch after the click but before the puff of air. In classical conditioning, the click is called the:
conditioned stimulus
This is a brain structure that plays an important role in implicit memory.
Cerebellum or basal ganglia
In this effect, someone's memory is corrupted by misleading information.
Misinformation effect
A (light, sound) wave's _______ determines its intensity (brightness, loudness).
Height or amplitude
A dog barks repeatedly at his human for a treat. The human eventually gets up and gives the dog a treat. In this scenario the human experienced ______ ______.
negative reinforcement
Psychoanalysts have claimed that patients show evidence of ________, a process in which someone could forget entire events that are traumatic.
repression
Within top-down processing, this is the tendency to perceive one thing but not another. It might be influenced by our experiences or the context cues.
Perceptual set
These are the four types of touch receptors we have.
Pain
Warmth
Cold
Pressure
A child who sees another child punished for throwing a rock at recess decides not to throw his rock. This is an example of _______ learning.
observational
These are three types of strategies students can use while studying to improve their memory for course content.
Mnemonic devices
Making content meaningful/deep processing/elaboration
Organization
Chunking
Distributed practice
Name one observation we might make about operant or classical conditioning that could be evidence of biological predispositions on learning.
Easy to train animals in behaviors that are closer to natural behaviors (instincts)
Seem more likely to develop phobias or associations to things that threaten our survival