Transcription
What is transcription?
Making an RNA copy of DNA information.
Where does translation occur?
At ribosomes
Put these in order: Protein, mRNA, DNA.
DNA → mRNA → Protein
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence.
Which organelle carries out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which RNA base replaces thymine?
Uracil (U)
What is a group of three bases on mRNA called?
Codon
Which process produces mRNA, and which produces an amino acid chain?
Transcription produces mRNA; translation produces the amino acid chain.
What type of mutation replaces one DNA base with another?
Substitution
Which organelle produces most of the ATP during cellular respiration?
Mitochondrion
What enzyme builds mRNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What does tRNA bring to the ribosome?
Amino acids
What amino acid does the mRNA codon AUG code for?
Methionine
Why can an insertion or deletion change many amino acids?
It can cause a frameshift, changing how codons are read.
What technology separates DNA fragments based on size?
Gel electrophoresis
Transcribe this DNA template: 3′–TACGCT–5′.
5′–AUGCGA–3′
What is the start codon, and what are the three stop codons?
Start: AUG. Stop: UAA, UAG, UGA
Transcribe and translate this DNA template: 3′–TACGGGATT–5′.
mRNA: AUGCCCUAA. Protein: Methionine – Proline
What DNA technology makes millions of copies of a DNA segment?
PCR
What DNA technology is used to compare genetic patterns in forensic investigations?
DNA profiling
Transcribe this DNA template: 3′–TACCCGAAATTT–5′.
5′–AUGGGCUUUAAA–3′
Translate this mRNA: 5′–AUGGCUUUUUGA–3′.
Methionine – Alanine – Phenylalanine – Stop
Transcribe and translate this DNA template: 3′–TACCGACTTATT–5′.
mRNA: AUGGCUGAAUAA. Protein: Methionine – Alanine – Glutamic acid
What DNA technology allows scientists to make targeted changes to DNA?
CRISPR
Give one benefit and one possible concern of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Benefit: improved crops. Concern: unintended environmental effects.