Cell Differentiation
What is a stem cell?
Unspecialized cells that are able to become any type of cell
2 daughter (new) cells
If an organism has 82 chromosomes, how many will the two new daughter cells each have?
82
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells working together.
How many human body systems are there?
11
Cell division and/or cell differentiation
What are the 2 phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase and Mitotic Phase
What are the 2 stages of mitotic phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Name the levels of organization in order
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
What are the 4 results of the cell cycle/division?
Repair, replace, grow, reproduction
Where can you find stem cells in adults?
In bone marrow and skeletal muscle.
What 3 things happen in the cell cycle?
Grow/develop, function, and divide
State the phases of mitosis in order and describe the 1st phase.
Prophase. In prophase spindle fibers form, nucleus disappears, spindle fibers form.
What is an organ?
Groups of tissues that work together to complete a task
There are 78 organs.
Name 8 of them
Arteries, skin, Liver, Spleen Tongue, Appendix ,Diaphragm, Lungs, Larynx, esophagus, Stomach, Brain, Eyes, Ligaments, Spinal Cord, Bones, Lymph, Pancreas, Small & Large Intestine, Muscles, Bone Marrow, Heart, Veins, Kidneys, etc
What are the 4 main types of tissues?
muscular, connective, nervous, and epithelial
What happens to the DNA from interphase to mitosis? (use vocabulary terms)
It coils into chromosomes from chromatin (DNA strands)
Describe what happens in the 2 parts of the mitotic phase.
Mitosis: nucleus and contents divide
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm and contents (organelles) divide
What are cells made of?
Molecules - macromolecules
Why would stem cells be found inside skeletal muscle?
To repair damaged or torn muscle cells since muscles cells don't go through the cell cycle.
If an organism's cells have identical sets of chromosomes, how can cells be different?
Different cell types use different parts of the instructions on the chromosomes.
Other than the cell function, list 2 things that happen in interphase.
DNA replication, rapid growth, organelle replication, prepares to divide.
State everything that happens in telophase (4)
1. nuclear membrane reforms around the chromatin
2. chromosomes unwind
3. spindle fibers break down
4. two identical nuclei form
Muscle cells make muscle tissue. There are 3 kinds of muscle tissue in humans. What are the 3 types?
Smooth, cardiac, muscular.
Of the 11 systems, name 6 of them.
integumentary, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive