1
Which mechanism is the driving force for speech production?
Respiratory mechanism
What are the movable articulators?
Tongue
Lips
Soft palate / velum
Jaw
Are the vocal folds adducted or abducted during phonation?
Adducted
What is the cone of light? How does it held identify unhealthy ears?
Reflection of light from the otoscope and seen in an healthy eardrum (manubrium of the malleus bone)
Not seen in unhealthy ears
Vocal fold adduction is controlled by which muscles?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
Transverse arytenoid muscles
Oblique arytenoid muscles
How does the auditory mechanism support speech sound production and development?
Children learn spoken language through hearing what is spoken to and around them
Hearing helps monitor speech and modify rate, loudness, and clarity
Are the intrinsic or extrinsic muscles of the larynx involved in speech production?
Intrinsic
Bonus points: what do the extrinsic muscles do?
What are the three ossicle bones?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
What are the ever-branching tubular structures that terminate into small elastic sacks in the lungs?
Bronchi
What is the most important movable articulator?
The tongue
The size and shape of the pharynx is modified by
Vertical position of the larynx in the neck
Position of the tongue in the mouth
What is the shape of the cochlea and how many turns does it contain?
Snail-shaped
2.5 turns
What are the four basic structures of speech production?
Respiratory
Phonatory
Resonatory
Articulatory
What are the components of the outer ear?
Pinna / auricle
External auditory meatus / ear canal
What is articulation?
The molding of the airstream into speech sounds by movable and immovable articulators
What is the function of the phonatory mechanism?
Produces sound or voice using air supply from the lungs
Which three English sounds are fully nasalized?
/m/
/n/
/ŋ/
Which sounds are produced via contact with the hard palate?
/ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ, r, j/
True or false: the sound we hear when someone speaks is the exact sound produced by the vocal folds
False
True or false: speech production occurs only on inhalation
False
What is the primary muscle of the lips?
Orbicularis oris
What is the chief muscle of inhalation?
Diaphragm
What affects resonance in the oral cavity?
Movement, excursion, & mass of mandible
Size, shape, & position of tongue
Height, length, & width of the hard palate
Teeth, cheekbones, & contact of the velum with the posterior pharynx
How many cartilages are contained in the larynx?
9
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
Arytenoids (2)
Corniculates (2)
Cuneiforms (2)
What are the immovable articulators?
Hard palate
Alveolar ridge
Teeth