8.E.1.1
Earth is covered by approximately _____ of water. Most of the freshwater on Earth, approximately _____, is trapped in glaciers, surface bodies of water, and groundwater.
71%, 3%
Producers living in the upper part of the open ocean most likely receive nutrients and food via:
photosynthesis and upwelling
The oceans are widened by the process of sea-floor spreading. Long, continuous chains of volcanic mountains form along a boundary where oceanic plates move apart. These long chains are called...
mid-ocean ridges
core sample of ice removed from ice sheet used to study changes in the climate and atmosphere.
Ice core
Are we still in the cenozoic era?
Yes
Which body of water is most likely the cleanest due to permeable rock layers?
Aquifers
What is a tool that oceanographers can use to measure the ocean depth and map the ocean floor?
SONAR
rock formation made from the cooling of magma that cuts into or through other rock layers; is also younger than the layers it cuts through
intrusion
system that divides Earth's history into intervals of time defined by major events.
Geologic Time Scale/ Timeline
For what types of water does the Clean Water Act set water quality standards?
surface waters
Explain eutrophication...
Excess of Nitrates and phosphates, make large algae blooms which kill fish and other aquatic organisms due to lack of oxygen.
Give an example of a threat to living ocean resources?
overfishing, oil spills, pollution
example of index fossil
trilobite
part of time that was the beginning. Much simpler organisms existed and the Earth was established
Precambrian
Scientists tested water at a sampling site in the Neuss River watershed. They found that dissolved oxygen dropped to its lowest level during July. What is the most likely cause of the low dissolved oxygen data for July?
high turbidity, high dissolved oxygen, and high temperature
What is a river basin?
A river basin is the land drained by a river and its tributaries. These land features act as funnels to gather water from surrounding areas to bring it to a larger body of water such as a lake or river.
Name the ocean floor features starting from the shore line to the deep ocean.
I have 4 layers of rock. In order from bottom to top they are layers 5,4,3,2. Organize them from youngest to oldest.
2,3,4,5
part of time known as the old life; first vertebrate fish appeared; lasted from 542 - 251 million years ago
Paleozoic
Name an example of one mass extinction event that could've led to the death of many animals
increased volcanic activity
lowering of sea levels
climate change
What is an estuary?
Where freshwater and saltwater mix.
How is the deep ocean floor different from the shallow parts of the ocean floor near land?
The deep ocean floor is flatter than the parts of the ocean floor near land.
Process of determining the actual age of fossils and rocks
Absolute age
known as the middle life; dinosaurs were around during this time until a mass extinction
Mesozoic Era
Under which conditions are large numbers of fish in a lake most likely to die?
when the water's dissolved oxygen is low and temperatures are higher than average