Transcription
Transcription's definition
the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.
Translation's definition
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).
Ribosome's definition
a structure found inside cells that is involved in making proteins
Codon's definition
a three-nucleotide or triplet sequence found on mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation.
RNA's definition
a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.
where does transcription take place?
nucleus
where does translation take place?
cytoplasm
proteins are made at the what?
Ribosomes
Anticodon's definition
a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.
where is tRNA used?
translation
translation or transcription converts DNA into mRNA
Transcription
What are the key players involved in translation and what are their roles?
The key players involved in translation are mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA, and amino acids. The mRNA provides the template for the sequence of amino acids that will be incorporated into the protein. Ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids, while tRNA delivers the amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order specified by the mRNA sequence.
What is the role of ribosomes in the process of translation?
Ribosomes play a central role in the process of translation, which involves the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template. During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of codons on the mRNA molecule and matches them with the corresponding tRNA molecules carrying the appropriate amino acids. The amino acids are added to the growing protein chain in the order specified by the sequence of codons on the mRNA.
tRNA has (anticodons/codons) that are complementary to mRNA?
anticodon
what carries the amino acids
tRNA
How does transcription differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Transcription differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in several ways, including the location of transcription (nucleus vs. cytoplasm), the presence of introns in eukaryotic genes, and the complexity of the RNA polymerase enzyme in eukaryotes.
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription is the process by which DNA is used as a template to synthesize mRNA, while translation is the process by which the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
How do ribosomes know where to start and stop protein synthesis?
The ribosome knows where to start and stop protein synthesis based on the presence of specific signals in the mRNA molecule. The start codon (AUG) signals the ribosome to begin protein synthesis, while stop codons (UAA, UAG, and UGA) signal the ribosome to terminate protein synthesis and release the completed protein.
What is the relationship between a codon and an anticodon in protein synthesis?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. An anticodon is a complementary sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that recognizes and binds to the codon on the mRNA molecule during translation. The matching between the codon on mRNA and the anticodon on tRNA ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
tRNA is found in the (nucleus/cytoplasm)
cytoplasm
How do transcription factors regulate gene expression?
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific regulatory sequences
What factors can regulate the rate of translation?
The rate of translation can be regulated by a variety of factors, including the availability of amino acids, the abundance of tRNA molecules, and the activity of regulatory proteins that control the initiation or elongation of translation.
How does the ribosome catalyze the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis?
The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis by bringing together the amino acids and facilitating their condensation into a peptide bond. The ribosome also helps to position the reactants and stabilize the transition state, making the reaction more efficient.
Examples of codon
Alanine, valine, leucine and serine.
What is the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis?
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA