Endocrine
Serum TSH is _________ & T3 & T4 are ________ in primary hyperthyroidism
Low, increased
What is the difference between Type 1 & Type 2?
Type 1 is an autoimmune disorder, where the body produces antibodies and destroys the beta cells
Type 2 is where the beta cells make less insulin than before, and someone becomes insulin resistant
What is the generic name for Glucophage
Metformin
The range of urinary output for Diabetes Insipidus
2-20L/day
One type of Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
or
Folic Acid deficiency
Cushing's Sydnrome is caused by ______ whereas Addison's disease is caused by______
excess cortisol levels, but can also be caused by long term use of steroid medications
Lifestyle Management tips for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics
Type 1: Eat regular meals, take insulin
Type 2: eat a healthy well-balanced meal that addresses risk factors
Both: exercise, glucose monitoring, smoking cessation, limit alcohol intake
Tx for Anemia of Chronic Illness
Treat the underlying cause
Low T3 & T4, but high TSH
Hypothyroidism
The three causes of anemia that stem from decreased erythrocyte production
Iron deficiency anemia, Megaloblast Anemia, and Anemia of Chronic Illness
What is SIADH
An ADH imbalance, where the body produces too much ADH (vasopressin)
Other names for A1C
glycated hemoglobin
glycosylated hemoglobin
hemoglobin A1C
HbA1C
Tx for Addison's disease
shock management, high-dose hydrocortisone replacement, and 5% dextrose in NS (a decrease in glucocorticoids is going to cause a decrease in glucose levels)
Adrenal Cortex Disorder that has increased potassium but decreased sodium
Addison's Disease
Assessment Finding(s) that is/are specific to Iron Deficiency Anemia
Headache, paresthesia, and burning sensation of the tongue r/t low iron in the tissues
(LOW IRON pneumonic)
Lethargic, Overexerted easily (s.o.b), Weird food cravings / White-faced (pallor) Increased HR / Inflammation of the tongue, Reduced Hgb Level, Observe changes in RBCS, Nail / Neuro changes
What part of the body is responsible for creating corticosteroids? What specific hormones are produced?
Adrenal Cortex, aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone & estrogen
What is hypoglycemia unawareness
when someone is unable to recognize early signs of low blood sugar until the symptoms become severe
A pt is admitted for thyroid storm, what tx do you plan to administer first and why
Metoprolol, to treat the high BP and HR
Male & Female average Hgb levels
Male: 13.2-17.3 g/dL
Female: 11.7-15.5 g/dL
Type of RBC found in labs in Vitamin B12 Deficient Anemia
Macrocytic RBC's
What is the name for severe untreated hypothyroidism? What complications can it bring
Myxedema, impaired consciousness, and potential coma
If a patients A1C was between 9-12, what was their average blood gluocose at for the last 2-3 months
200's
What is the onset, peak and duration of NPH Insulin
Onset: 1-3 hours
Peak: 6-8 hours
Duration: 12-18 hours
Lab Value that is increased with Anemia of Chronic Illness
Increased Serum Ferritin
because the body retains iron and produces more ferritin as an acute phase reactant
Organ(s) that get enlarged with hemolytic anemia
Spleen and liver
because the body is compensating for the breakdown of red blood cells
The spleen's job is to remove damaged or dying red blood cells from the body. When there's an increased workload of destroying abnormal red blood cells, the spleen enlarges in response
The liver also compensates for the breakdown of red blood cells by making more of them quickly. The liver's large blood flow allows it to efficiently remove damaged cells