A Shift in Society
This technological advancement significantly boosted industrial production.
What is the steam engine?
Workers formed these groups to collectively bargain for better conditions.
What are labor unions?
At the top of this social structure were wealthy landowners.
Who were the planters?
This energy source became crucial for powering factories and transportation.
What is coal ?
What was a major environmental consequence of rapid industrialization?
What was pollution ?
What was a major pull factor drawing people to urban areas during this shift?
What were job opportunities?
What was a primary demand of early labor unions?
What were better wages, shorter hours, and/or safer working conditions?
What was the legal status of enslaved people in the Southern states?
What was property?
What is the economic system where private individuals control the means of production?
What is capitalism?
What was a common cause of strikes and labor unrest?
What were low wages, long hours, and poor working conditions?
This ideology emphasized individual rights and limited government interference in the economy.
What is liberalism or classical liberalism?
This event in Chicago in 1886 became a symbol of the struggle for workers' rights.
What is the Haymarket Affair (or Haymarket Riot)?
This group occupied the middle strata of Southern society, often owning small farms.
Who were small farmers or yeoman farmers?
This communication invention revolutionized long-distance communication.
What is the telegraph?
This conflict resulted in the secession of Southern states.
What is the American Civil War?
What was a significant change in family life as more people moved to cities for work?
What was a decrease in family size and a shift in traditional roles?
What is a tactic used by unions to pressure employers to meet their demands?
What is a strike, boycott, or picketing?
What were the restrictive laws passed in the South to control the behavior of enslaved people?
What were slave codes?
What was a philosophical movement that questioned traditional authority and emphasized reason?
What is the Enlightenment or rationalism?
What was a significant social issue related to the rapid growth of cities?
What were overcrowding, poverty, and crime?
This new way of organizing work brought many laborers together in one large building.
What is a factory?
This national federation of labor unions focused on skilled workers in its early years.
What is the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
This social class at the bottom of free Southern society often lacked land and worked as laborers or tenant farmers.
Who were whites without land?
This economic concept describes the benefit of producing goods on a large scale, reducing costs.
What are economies of scale?
This term describes the forced separation of people based on race.
What is segregation?