Brain and Nervous System
List all divisions of the Nervous System
Central, Peripheral, Somatic, Autonomic, Brain, Spinal Cord, Sympathetic, Parasympathetic.
What are the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development (In order).
Pre-operational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
What are the six stages of sensation and perception? (In order).
Reception, transduction, transmission, selection, organisation, interpretation.
What are the three components of the Tricomponent Model?
Afective, Behavioural, Cognitive.
Explain the difference between and IV and a DV
IV is the variable that is manipulated during an experiment, the DV is the variable that changes as a result of the controlled manipulation.
What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for the fight, flight or freeze response in the presence of a perceived threat.The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to a state of homeostasis.
Explain the difference between a critical and sensitive period of development and provide and example of human behaviour that has either a critical or sensitive period.
Sensitive period is a stage of development where there is a spectrum of time in which a behaviour should be developed. If it is not developed in this time, then the individual may always be delayed in this behavior. A critical period if the deadline for a behaviour to present. If the person is denied the opportunity and misses the critical period, it is likely that this skill will never be developed. (Language)
What are the five different senses of taste in humans and provide an example for each.
Sweet, Sour, Salty, Umami, Bitter
Explain the difference between prejudice, discrimination with reference to the Tricomponent Model.
Prejudice is the negative feelings and values you hold toward you have towards a particular group, whilst discrimination is the negative behaviour you exhibit towards this group based on your prejudices. Prejudice relates to the Affective component of the Tri-component Model, whilst discrimination relates to the Behavioural component.
What four components need to be in a hypothesis?
IV
DV
Population
Prediction
Explain the role of glial cells.
They provide support for the neuron by replacing myelin, removing debris and ultimately maintaining homeostasis in the neuron cell.
What are the four attachment types according to Mary Ainsworth?
Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganised
Explain the process of visual perception.
Light is detected by the eye by photoreceptors found in the retina. The electromagnetic energy is changed to electrochemical energy through the process of transduction and then sent along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe. Once in the love, the information is organised and interpreted by the visual cortex.
Name three different types of Power.
Reward
Coercive
Reverent
Legitimate
Name two types of Research Methodologies.
Survey
Experiment
Observational Study
Survey
Longitudinal Study
What is the function of the hippocampus?
It is necessary for the storage and retrieval of Long Term Memory.
Childhood, Eating, Personality, Addiction, Psychotic.
Define Perceptual Set.
A perceptual set refers to an expectation to perceive things in a certain way due to the influence of past experience.
Explain the aim of the Milgram experiment?
The aim of the Milgram experiment was to investigate the willingness of people to obey in the presence of an authority figure.
Explain what is meant by a stratified sample?
A sample is generated using characteristics (or strata) that are representative of the wider population. This type of sampling is used when the results of the study may be influence by particular strata and therefore they need to be controlled.
Explain the difference between a CT and fMRI and what their use is when studying the brain.
A CT scan creates a 2D image of the brain and it's structures, allowing doctors to see any damage, malformation or tumors. However an fMRI can monitor the brain's activity by measuring oxygen levels in the brain. Different levels a reflected by different colours in the brain
According to Piaget, explain what is meant by the terms Assimilation and Accomodation.
During cognitive development a child will create a schema or idea for how particular information works together. When information does not fit, they may need to update their schema to include this new information through the process of assimilation. When the child has so much new information that the existing schema no longer works, a new schema will be created to fit all the new pieces of information. This process of making a new schema is called, accomodation.
Which nerve carries the stimulus of the brain during Gustatory perception and what region of the brain is the information sent to.
The Cranial Nerve.
It goes to the Primary Gustatory Cortex which is located in the Temporal Lobe.
Name and define three factors that influence conformity.
Normative influence
Social Loafing
Group size
Unanimity
Deindividuation
Culture
Informational Influence
IV- Caffeine Consumption
DV- Memory Recall
Population- Year 12 Students in Victoria.
Write a suitable hypothesis for the above information.
It was hypothesised that Year students in Victoria who consumed 25mg of caffeine 30 minutes prior to a memory recall test would have higher recall ability, compared to students who consumed no caffeine prior to the test.