Igneous Rocks
State the 2 places igneous rocks are formed
On or below the Earth's surface
Identify the 3 states of matter
Solid, liquid and gas
True or false: In a physical change the nature of the substance, the particles of which it is composed and the numbers of particles remain unchanged.
True
True
True or false: pumice is a metamorphic rock
False
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth's surface
Draw the particle model on the white board
State the 5 signs that a chemical change has taken place
colour change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odour change, temperature change
Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed
Forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
State the 2 conditions under which metamorphic rocks can be formed
High temperatures and pressure
What is the difference between an intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?
Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.
All matter is made up of tiny particles known as...
Atoms
Explain why a balloon expanding is a physical change
The balloon only changes shape. No new chemical properties or substances are formed.
What is an organic sedimentary rock?
A sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals.
The name metamorphic comes from Greek words meaning...
Change of state
Hard - Contains minerals
Strong - Mineral crystals make them strong
Crystals - Grow and lock together. Extrusive small crystals. Intrusive are large.
Spaces - Gas bubbles, trapped when magma cools
What happens to particles when they are heated?
The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving, and the more kinetic energy they possess.
Mrs Jillett conducts an experiment where she exposes milk chocolate to heat. At the end of the experiment there was a bad smell and the chocolate had turned black. Predict what happened and state if a physical and/or chemical change occurred.
The chocolate melted (physical change) and then burned (chemical change)
Explain clastic sedimentary rocks
Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing rocks. Pieces of rock are loosened by weathering, forming sediments. If the sediment is buried deeply, it becomes compacted and cemented, forming sedimentary rock.
Regional metamorphism - Heat and pressure caused by huge movement of the Earth's Crust
Explain the relationship between cooling and crystal size
If the magma cools quickly, the crystals do not have much time to form, so they are very small (extrusive rocks). If the magma cools slowly, then the crystals have enough time to grow and become large (intrusive rocks).
Explain the term density
Density is a word we use to describe how much space an object or substance takes up (its volume) in relation to the amount of matter in that object or substance (its mass). Another way to put it is that density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. If an object is heavy and compact, it has a high density.
Is mixing paint a physical or chemical change?
This is a physical change. The colour of the original paint atoms remains the same (eg. blue and red) but when put next to each other it looks like a new colour is formed (eg. purple).
How could you identify a sedimentary rock?
Sedimentary rocks, in general, include cemented grains, typically with visible layers, fossils, or distinctive characteristics such as mud fissures or ripple lines.
Explain contact metamorphism
By contact with hot magma as it pushes through the mantle and crust