Earthquake scales
The 3 scales we discussed in class.
What are the MM, Richter, and Moment Magnitude?
What is ash?
The 3 types of earthquake-resistant construction we discussed.
What are fixed-base, base-isolated, and energy-dissipating?
The channel through which gas, ash, and rock are ejected in a volcano.
What is a vent?
The composition of the outer core. (State of matter.)
What is liquid?
This is the most famous scale and measures earthquake strength.
What is the Ricther?
Lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture.
What is aa lava?
This type of construction is built directly on bedrock.
What is fixed-base?
A volcano that will probably not erupt again.
What is extinct?
The most abundant element in the earth's crust.
What is oxygen?
This is the only scale that is not mathematical, but is based on damage to buildings and what people felt.
What is the Modified Mercalli?
A superheated cloud of gas and ash that travels swiftly down the volcanic slope like an avalanche.
What is a pyroclastic flow?
The cause of most deaths during an earthquake.
What are collapsing buildings?
Lava emitted under water or flowing into a body of water.
A feature created when layers of rock bend or buckle downward creating a trough.
What is a syncline?
This scale is the most reliable.
What is the Moment Magnitude?
Lava that hardens to form a smooth surface that resembles ropes.
This type of construction involves separating the building from the foundation on stilts.
What is base-isolated?
These seismic waves travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
What are Primary waves?
The name of the huge land mass thought to be all the continents joined together at one time.
What is Pangaea?
The 2 situations that the Richter scale is unreliable in.
What are distant and very strong earthquakes?
A large almond- or tear- shaped ejecta formed when lava cools as it is thrown into the air
What is a volcanic bomb?
An example of base-isolated construction we discussed in class. It is over 2500 years old.
What is the tomb of Cyrus the II of Persia?
A mudflow triggered by melting snow during a volcanic eruption.
What is a lahar?
Who is Antonio Snider-Pellegrini?