Structure and Matter
This is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
Name the three subatomic particles that make up atoms.
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
The periodic table shows that Lithium has 3 protons. How many electrons does a neutral lithium atom have?
3 electrons
In ionic bonding, atoms _____ electrons
Transfer
A Lewis Dot diagram shows which electrons
Valence Electrons
What are the 3 states of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Which subatomic particle is located in the nucleus and has a positive charge?
Protons
Elements in the same column/group share the same number of _____.
Valence electrons
In covalent bonding, atoms _____ electrons
Share
The Bohr model represents electrons in _____ around the nucleus.
Energy levels / shells
The atomic mass of an element is the _____
Number of Protons + Neutrons
Which subatomic particle has no charge?
Neutron
Which group on the periodic table contains the Noble Gases
18
What name is given to a positively charged ion?
Cation
How many valence electrons would you show in a Lewis dot diagram for Magnesium (Mg)
2
Which choice best describes matter made of only one type of atom?
An element
The region around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found is called the _____.
Electron cloud or energy level/shell
How can you determine the number of electron energy shells an element has by looking at the periodic table?
By the period (row) number
Why do positive and negative ions attract?
Opposites attract
Draw the Bohr model (describe shells and electron counts) for Phosphorus
Phosphorus (P, atomic number 15) electron distribution: first shell 2, second shell 8, third shell 5
Explain why the total number of atoms remains the same during a chemical reaction
Atoms are rearranged into new substances but are neither created nor destroyed
If an atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons, what is its atomic number and approximate atomic mass?
Atomic mass ≈ 11 + 12 = 23
Using the periodic table: What is the atomic number for Iron and how many protons does Krypton have?
Iron atomic number = 26; Krypton protons = 36
Draw or describe how sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond; include what happens to electrons and the resulting ions.
Na has 1 valence electron → loses it to become Na+; Cl gains one to become Cl−; Na+ and Cl− attract to form NaCl
Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for Silicon (Si) and explain why it has that number of dots.
Silicon (Si, atomic number 14) has 4 valence electrons → Lewis dot: four dots around Si (one on each side).