Gravity & Space
Atoms/ Chemical rxn
Adaptations/ Food Chain
Energy
Density
100
In July 1994 the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the planet Jupiter, as scientists had predicted. To be able to accurately predict when a comet will collide with a planet, it is essential to understand — A the composition of a planet’s atmosphere B the gravitational attraction that exists between all bodies C the attraction of opposite poles of a magnet to each other D the formation of comets
B the gravitational attraction that exists between all bodies
100
What is the difference between the number of electrons in an atom of selenium, Se, and the number of electrons in an atom of aluminum, Al?
21
100
Copper compounds are used in large amounts to control the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. Copper interferes with photosynthesis in these organisms. What would be the most likely result of an accidental spill of these compounds in an aquatic environment? F The fish would grow larger than usual. G The zooplankton population would increase. H The plants would increase in size but decrease in number. J The plant populations would be reduced.
G The zooplankton population would increase.
100
Which of the following shows the energy transformation that occurs when solar panels are used to heat a building? A. Light to thermal B. Chemical to electrical C. Thermal to chemical D. Light to mechanical
A. Light to thermal
100
Which of the following is the correct calculation for determining the density of an object with a mass of 54 g and a volume of 6 mL? A 6 ÷ 54 B 6 x 54 C 54 ÷ 6 D 6 + 54
C 54 ÷ 6
200
Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in the universe? F A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet it orbits. G A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits. H A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet. J A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.
G A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits.
200
Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that can be generated by emissions from vehicles and factories. It can also be generated by natural sources, such as forest fires, lightning, and microbial activity in soil. The equation for producing nitrogen dioxide is shown below. 2NO + O2 -------------> 2NO2 Colorless gas Colorless gas Brown gas Which of these provides evidence that a chemical reaction occurs? A A gas is present. B The total number of atoms remains unchanged. C The state of matter remains the same. D A brown gas is produced.
D A brown gas is produced
200
Black walnut trees produce a nontoxic chemical that becomes highly toxic when it is exposed to air or soil. How does this chemical help black walnut trees compete with plants growing nearby? A By attracting herbivores to the other plants B By suppressing the growth of the other plants C By increasing the photosynthesis rates in the other plants D By limiting the amount of water available to the other plants
B. By suppressing the growth of the other plants
200
A teacher rubbed a match against a piece of sandpaper. The match started to burn. Which statement best describes the energy changes that occurred? A The chemical energy stored in the match changed to thermal energy and light energy. B The thermal energy stored in the match changed to light energy and chemical energy. C The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to mechanical energy. D The light energy and thermal energy stored in the match changed to chemical energy.
A. The chemical energy stored in the match changed to thermal energy and light energy.
200
A diamond’s density is 3.2 g/cm3. Determine the volume of a diamond that has a mass of 1 g.
0.31 cm3
300
The orbital paths of objects in our solar system are the result of which of the following? A The shape of the bodies and their chemical compositions B The balance between the motion of the bodies and gravitational forces C The relative age of the bodies and their chemical compositions D The frictional forces acting on the bodies when they hit space debris
B The balance between the motion of the bodies and gravitational forces
300
Strontium phosphate, Sr (PO ) , is a crystalline substance used in medicine and industry. How many phosphorus atoms are represented in the formula for Sr (PO ) ?
A. 2
300
The organism in the photo is a daphnia, or water flea. Daphnia are tiny aquatic organisms that live in most freshwater habitats. Adults range from less than 1 to 5 mm in length. They are good swimmers and eat mostly algae. Daphnia become mature at 5 to 10 days, and an adult female can produce up to 100 eggs every 3 or 4 days during its 2-month life span. When harmful algae rapidly increase in the daphnia’s environment, daphnia can develop adaptations to tolerate the negative effects of the algae within 10 years. What characteristic of the daphnia allows the population to adapt to environmental change? F Its small size G Its short generation time H Its freshwater environment J Its herbivorous diet
G Its short generation time
300
Which of the following energy transformations takes place during digestion? A Thermal ---> mechanical B Mechanical ----> chemical C Chemical ----> mechanical D Solar ----> chemical
C Chemical ----> mechanical
300
A rock’s density is 5 g/cm3. Determine the mass of the rock if it has a volume of 20 cm3.
100 g
400
Galaxies are classified by their shapes into all of the following types EXCEPT - A spiral galaxy. B irregular galaxy. C oblong galaxy. D elliptical galaxy.
C oblong galaxy.
400
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in an atom of hafnium, Hf, with a mass number of 178? A 72 protons, 178 neutrons, 106 electrons B 72 protons, 106 neutrons, 72 electrons C 178 protons, 250 neutrons, 72 electrons D 106 protons, 72 neutrons, 106 electrons
B 72 protons, 106 neutrons, 72 electrons
400
The Guam rail is a flightless bird found on the island of Guam. It builds a shallow nest on the ground and lays eggs throughout the year. There are no native species of snakes on Guam, so the Guam rail had no experience with snake predators until the brown tree snake was accidentally introduced sometime between 1944 and 1952. These snakes, which eat a wide variety of animal species, quickly established a large population on Guam. How was the Guam rail most likely affected by the introduction of the brown tree snake? A The brown tree snake ate only species that lived in trees, so it had no effect on the Guam rail. B The Guam rail quickly developed the ability to fly in order to escape from the brown tree snake. C The population of the Guam rail declined, and the species nearly became extinct. D The Guam rail began to build its nests in trees.
C The population of the Guam rail declined, and the species nearly became extinct.
400
In which of the following scenarios is chemical energy being transformed into thermal energy? A A squirrel uses the energy in seeds to build structures in its body B A tree captures sunlight to produce the sugars it uses for food C A fish is able to swim using the energy it gets from eating plants D A lion’s temperature increases as it uses the energy it gets from its prey
D A lion’s temperature increases as it uses the energy it gets from its prey
400
The mass of a 125 cm3 piece of material is 82.75 g. Determine the density of this material.
0.662 g/cm3
500
All of the following affect the seasonal variation in weather on the Earth EXCEPT - A the time it takes for the Earth to orbit the Sun. B the varying amounts of daylight during the year. C the tilt of the Earth on its axis of rotation. D the distance between the moon and the Earth.
D the distance between the moon and the Earth.
500
A chemical reaction in which calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is decomposed results in the production of two simpler compounds. CaCO3 -----> CaO + CO2 ? g 28.00 g 21.97 g What mass of calcium carbonate, to the nearest hundredth of a gram, is decomposed in this reaction?
49.97g
500
Which of these human activities is most likely to cause the excessive growth of phytoplankton in the world’s oceans? F The use of chemical fertilizers that are carried by runoff into rivers G The logging of old-growth forests, which results in erosion H The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in the air J The mining of fossil fuels, which requires digging underground tunnels
H The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in the air
500
Which of the following changes would eliminate the energy source that generates the convection currents in the ocean? A Stopping the rotation of Earth. B Blocking off all solar radiation. C Removing all the salt from sea water. D Eliminating producers from marine habitats.
B Blocking off all solar radiation.
500
A rock with a mass of 70 grams is dropped into a graduated cylinder with 30 mL of water in it. The water level rose to 35 mL. Calculate the density of the rock in g/mL.
14.0 g/mL
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