atoms, molecules, and crystals
What are the 3 most basic things that make up the universe?
1. matter
2. energy
3. intelligence
Whose theory was named plum pudding?
JJ Thomson
true or false: Majority of the periodic table is made up of metals
true!
true or false: compounds are pure substances
true!
true or false: a chemical reaction occurs to produce a mixture
false, mixtures are formed when no chemical reaction occurs
What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges?
1. Neutron - neutral charge
2. protons - positive charge
3. electrons - negative charge
What is the name of the theory that proposes electrons orbit the nucleus as the planets orbit the Sun?
The Bohr Model
How is the periodic table arranged?
the electrical attractions that hold atoms together are between what 2 subatomic particles?
protons and electrons
another name for homogenous mixtures
true or false: pure metals are molecules
False! pure metals are crystals
Why was Chadwick's discovery important?
Because the mass of the atom was not adding up without the discovery of the nucleus
What are the 4 components of each element's 'cell' or box on the periodic table?
atomic number, chemical symbol, element name, and atomic mass
What are compounds?
Water is the most common what?
solvent!
How are crystal structures organized?
What were John Dalton's 3 propositions?
1. atoms combined to whole number ratios
2. atoms cannot be created or destroyed
3. every atom of a given element is identical
What is the difference between a subscript inside the parenthesis versus a subscript outside the parenthesis?
a subscript inside the parenthesis indicates the number of atoms of the element while a subscript outside the parenthesis indicates a multiplier for every atom inside the parenthesis
what is the substance being poured into another called?
a solute!
What are the 2 types of visuals used for molecules and what information do they provide?
"Space filling" models show how close the center of the atoms are to each other and "ball and stick" models give more information on how the atoms are bonded together
What were Rutherford's 4 findings?
1. discovery of the nucleus
2. most of the mass of an atom comes from the nucleus
3. the electrons surround the nucleus
4. most of the atom is empty space
what are the 7 metalloids?
What is the ratio and element names for this chemical formula, (NH4)2SO4?
2:8:1:4, nitrogen:hydrogen:sulfur:oxygen
What is the difference between the heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?
heterogeneous mixtures are when you can see at least two different substances in the mixture while homogeneous mixtures are when a substance is completely uniform