Neutrality & Washington
Main purpose of the 1793 Proclamation.
To keep the U.S. neutral in the war between Britain and France.
The power established by this 1803 case.
Judicial Review (the power to declare laws unconstitutional).
A major cause of sectional tension.
Slavery, states' rights, or economic differences.
The five freedoms protected by the 1st Amendment.
Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition.
The policy/action that sparked this crisis.
Protective Tariffs (specifically the Tariff of Abominations).
A foreign policy precedent set by Washington.
Avoiding permanent foreign alliances (neutrality)
The Chief Justice who wrote the decision.
John Marshall.
The 1863 proclamation regarding enslaved people in the Confederacy.
The Emancipation Proclamation.
What the 4th Amendment protects against.
Unreasonable searches and seizures.
The state that declared the tariffs "null and void."
South Carolina.
How this proclamation affected relations with Britain and France.
It created tension with both; France felt betrayed and Britain continued impressment.
Why Marbury sued and the final Court decision.
He sued for his commission; the Court said he was entitled to it but the law allowing the Court to order it was unconstitutional.
Two immediate effects of the Civil War.
Abolition of slavery (13th Amendment) and increased federal power.
Government actions prohibited by the 8th Amendment.
Cruel and unusual punishment; excessive bail.
The President and his threatened action.
Andrew Jackson; use of military force (Force Bill).
One domestic political consequence of this decision.
It helped solidify the two-party system (Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans).
How this strengthened "Checks and Balances."
It gave the Judicial branch the power to check the Legislative and Executive branches.
The connection between states' rights and slavery in starting the war.
Southern states argued they had the "right" to maintain slavery and nullify federal interference.
The principle emphasized by the 10th Amendment.
Reserved powers; powers not given to the feds belong to the States/People.
The constitutional argument used by the "nullifiers."
States' rights/Compact Theory vs. Federal Supremacy.
Connection to Washington’s Farewell Address.
It established the "avoiding entangling alliances" principle.
An example of Judicial Review in action.
The Court striking down a federal law that violates the Constitution.
A long-term effect on the U.S. Constitution.
Passage of the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th).
During the 1790s, the Sedition Act led to the arrest of several journalists, an action that many argued was a direct violation of this specific First Amendment protection.
Freedom of the Press
How it shaped future state-federal relationships.
It reinforced federal authority but foreshadowed the secession movement.