Norman Conquest of England
What year did the Norman Conquest take place?
1066
Who became King of England in 1154?
Henry II
What does Magna Carta mean in English?
Great Charter
What was the name for the series of religious wars launched by European Christians beginning in the Middle Ages?
The Crusades
What is persecution?
Unfair or cruel treatment of people because of their beliefs or identity.
Who was the Norman leader who became King of England?
William the Conqueror
Who did Henry II appoint Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162?
Thomas Becket
Which English king was forced to accept the Magna Carta?
King John
What city was especially important to Christians, Muslims, and Jews?
Jerusalem
What was the Inquisition?
Church investigations and legal proceedings intended to identify and address heresy.
What battle did William win to take control of England?
The Battle of Hastings
What system of law developed through court decisions and legal traditions?
Common law
In what year was the Magna Carta accepted?
1215
Which pope called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
Which two Italian port cities gained commercial opportunities from Mediterranean trade?
Venice and Genoa
What book recorded information about England's land and wealth for taxation?
The Domesday Book
Why did Henry II and Thomas Becket disagree?
They disagreed over whether royal courts or the Church should control cases involving clergy.
What is a limited monarchy?
A monarchy in which the ruler's power is restricted by laws or other institutions.
Name two nonreligious reasons people joined the Crusades.
Wealth, land, adventure, status, or political influence.
How did the Crusades contribute to increased trade?
Travel and contact between Europe and the eastern Mediterranean helped expand trade in goods such as spices and silk.
How did the Norman Conquest change the English language?
Norman French influenced English, adding many French words.
What happened to Thomas Becket in 1170, and why did it matter?
Four knights killed him in Canterbury Cathedral. His death damaged Henry II's reputation and showed the conflict between royal and Church authority.
How did the Magna Carta help shape later English government?
It helped establish the principle that the king must obey the law and contributed to the development of limited monarchy.
What happened when crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099?
They took control of the city and killed many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.
Describe two lasting effects of the Crusades on medieval society.
They intensified religious hostility and persecution, caused widespread suffering, and contributed to increased trade and cultural contact. Any two valid effects earn credit.