Elements
What are the three subatomic particles in an atom?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is a synthetic polymer?
A man-made chain of repeating monomers
What is a reference point?
An object that one uses to determine if another object is moving
What is inertia?
Resistance to a change in motion
What is the difference between contact and noncontact forces?
What are the three major classes of elements?
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
What are the three possible signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Color change, Gas production, and Formation of a precipitate
What are the SI units for speed, acceleration, force, and mass?
speed = m/s; acceleration = m/s^2; force = N (newtons); mass = kg
What is the formula to calculate force?
Force = Mass x Acceleration
What is net force?
Either find the sum of all forces moving in the same direction or find the difference between forces moving in opposing directions
What is a valence electron?
An electron on the outermost electron shell of an atom
What are the three types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, Decomposition, and Replacement
What is velocity?
The speed of an object in a particular direction
What does Newton's First Law of Motion state?
An object in motion/rest will stay in motion/rest until acted upon by another force.
What is friction?
A force created when two objects rub against each other
What are the four important details found in the cell of a periodic table?
Element name, Element symbol, Atomic number, Atomic mass
What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?
Exothermic reactions produce more energy than was required for the reaction, and endothermic reactions absorb more energy than is released
Speed = Distance/Time
What does Newton's Third Law state?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is gravity and what is the measurement for it?
What is one difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons; covalent bonds share electrons. Ionic bonds are harder to break than covalent bonds. Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals; covalent bonds form between nonmetals and nonmetals
What are the four factors that could affect the speed of a chemical reaction?
Surface area, temperature, concentration, and the presence of a catalyst or inhibitor
What is the formula to calculate acceleration (if one knows speed)?
(Final speed - Initial speed)/Time
What does Newton's Second Law state?
Mass determines the amount of force needed to accelerate an object
What is terminal velocity?
When the force of gravity and the force of friction achieve equilibrium, acceleration stops, and velocity remains constant