The Structure of Matter
What is matter
anything that takes up space and has mass
what are the three subatomic particles?
proton, electron, neutron
Explain how compounds are different from mixtures.
Compound = substance of two or more elements chemically bonded; Mixture = physical combination where components keep properties.
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy and Kinetic Energy is energy of motion
Describe how the arrangement and movement of particles differ in solids, liquids, and gases.
Solid (definite shape/volume), Liquid (definite volume, takes container shape), Gas (no definite shape/volume).
Two main types of waves
electromagnetic and mechanical
A student is investigating a sample of an element. The student observes that the element is solid, shiny, and can be bent into a new shape. The student is most like observing a. liquid b. hydrogen c. metal
c. metal
What happens to particles when heat is added or removed?
phase change
Explain why sound cannot travel in outer space but light can.
Sound needs particles to vibrate (no air in space), light is electromagnetic and can travel through vacuum.
What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change?
Physical change affects form without changing chemical identity (e.g., cutting paper); chemical change produces new substances (e.g., rusting iron)
Which wave behavior is demonstrated when sound travels through walls?
Transmission
How are wavelength, frequency, and amplitude related to energy?
higher amplitude means more energy, higher frequency means more energy, shorter wavelength more energy
Which wave behavior is demonstrated when you hear an echo?
reflection
A student holds an ice cube in his hand to demonstrate the transfer of thermal energy. Which BEST describes the process of thermal energy the student is demonstrating?
The student is demonstrating conduction, where heat is transferred from his hand to the ice cubes.