science
chemicals
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100
Which of the following processes helps the body maintain chemical balance?
a Tears washing away dust from the eyes b Rib bones protecting internal organs c Hair growing faster in winter months d Cells using sugar in the blood
100
Which set of equipment would be used to measure the boiling point of a liquid?
Balance, thermometer, and stopwatch Test tube, hot plate, and balance Stopwatch, test tube, and microscope Beaker, hot plate, and thermometer
100
Evidence suggests that dinosaurs became extinct when a large meteorite struck in the area of the Yucatán Peninsula. Scientists hypothesize that this enormous impact killed all the dinosaurs, even those on the other side of Earth, because the —
debris thrown into the atmosphere blocked sunlight heat flash from the impact immediately vaporized all life-forms impact blasted the atmosphere surrounding Earth into space intense heat completely boiled away the oceans
100
Which of the following is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions?
The pattern in a tiger’s fur The dropping of tree leaves The sprouting of acorns The migration of gray whales
100
During a dissection activity, a student accidentally knocks a scalpel off the lab table. Which of these actions should the student take?
Use both hands to protect the eyes from the scalpel Try to catch the scalpel before it reaches the floor Pick up the scalpel, avoiding the sharp edge Get a new scalpel, leaving the dropped one
200
Heavy rains in an aquifer’s recharge zone cause rivers and streams to flood. How will this most likely affect the aquifer?
The total water volume will increase. The outflow from natural springs will decrease. The water level in the aquifer will decrease. The rate of water use by humans will increase.
200
Before a quarry was dug, the land contained more vegetation. What impact has this change most likely had on the local ecosystem?
Larger predator populations A lower number of producers A greater number of herbivores A smaller amount of available carbon dioxide
200
In spring 2003 a natural rock outcropping in New Hampshire called the Old Man of the Mountain collapsed. Which of the following most likely loosened the rock and caused it to fall?
Heat turning sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock Water freezing and thawing inside cracks in the rock Volcanic activity producing pressure at the rock’s base Oxygen reacting with iron on the surface of the rock
200
Which of the following most promotes chemical weathering in limestone?
Freezing water Blowing wind Running water Growing roots
200
A drain cleaner consists of sodium hydroxide and aluminum. When the drain cleaner is added to water, bubbles of hydrogen are produced, and the solution becomes very hot. Which of these best describes what happens to form the bubbles when the cleaner is added to water?
A chemical reaction Condensation A physical change Evaporation
300
Which of the following best represents stored potential energy?
Air leaking from a flat tire Stress built up in a rock fault Heat given off by a forest fire Water flowing through a hose
300
At the quarry, soil was removed to get to the rock layers underneath. Which part of the environment was probably least affected by this soil being removed?
Air Groundwater Runoff water Plants
300
For rabbits, having long hair is an advantage over having short hair in environments with —
high levels of rain a large number of competitors low temperatures few predators
300
Which energy transformation occurs when a match is lit?
Chemical energy to heat energy Heat energy to potential energy Electrical energy to heat energy Kinetic energy to potential energy
300
In the picture above, a boy is trying to pull a dog on a leash, but the dog and the boy are moving in the same direction. Which of the following best describes the forces in this situation?
The forces are balanced, and the net force is zero. The forces are unbalanced, and the boy’s force is greater. The forces are unbalanced, and the dog’s force is greater. The forces are balanced, and the dog is stronger than the boy.
400
Which of these is an example of a chemical reaction?
A pot of water boiling An iron nail rusting Corn being ground Sugar dissolving in tea
400
Diesel fuel is used in the engines of the machines and trucks at the quarry. Which of these is the main energy transformation as the fuel is used by the engines?
Electrical energy is converted to heat energy. Heat energy is converted to potential energy. Electrical energy is converted to kinetic energy. Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy.
400
if a picture shows sand used to make a model of a galaxy. In the model, each grain of sand best represents —
a comet a black hole an asteroid a star
400
A cosmetics company markets bottles of nail polish remover. A consumer group concluded that the claim that the acetone is 100% pure is false. What is the most likely reason the consumer group reached this conclusion?
The acetone has probably dissolved some of the bottle. The group has found that other claims by the company are false. There are ingredients other than acetone in the nail polish remover. Pure acetone is a flammable liquid, as stated on the label.
400
A gasoline-powered vehicle goes up a hill from point X to point Y. What energy transformation must occur in the car’s engine?
Chemical energy into mechanical energy Electrical energy into chemical energy heat energy into chemical energy Mechanical energy into nuclear energy
500
The transfer of carbon that results from burning fossil fuels will most likely affect Earth in the future by —
raising the average global temperature reducing evaporation rates of ocean water decreasing the total mass of plant life making air transparent to ultraviolet light
500
A woman running in a marathon requires a constant supply of oxygen to her muscles. Which cells carry oxygen to muscle tissue?
Artery cells Red blood cells Nerve cells Lung cells
500
The United States consumed about 19 million barrels of petroleum per day in 2000. This rate continues to increase. It is important to develop alternative sources of energy because petroleum —
will eventually use up all the oxygen needed for human survival is being spilled into the ocean faster than it is being used fails to store solar energy and contains limited chemical energy is a limited source of energy that is almost impossible to renew
500
During primary ecological succession, the initial formation of soil helps establish —
grasses mushrooms shrubs trees
500
Which of these would most likely improve the air quality in large Texas cities?
Limiting the number of cars on the roads Switching to wood stoves for home heating Requiring large vehicles to use diesel fuel Maintaining filters in large buildings
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