Earth, Moon, and Sun
Light Waves
Force and Motion
Mixed
Mystery Questions
100
Felipe believes that whenever the Moon is in the position that is shown from above in Diagram A, the Moon always looks completely bright in the view from Earth, as shown in Diagram B.
Is Felipe correct? If he is correct, explain why the Moon always looks bright from Earth in that position, and explain how he should show light in Diagram A. If he is incorrect, explain how else the Moon can look when it is in that position.
Felipe is not correct. Sometimes, when Earth is in a straight line between the sun and the Moon, it blocks the sun’s light from hitting the Moon, and there is no light on the Moon at all. His model is not always correct, only sometimes. From Earth, we are able to see all of the lit half of the Moon when the Moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the sun
100
Look at the diagram with albedo values for various surfaces. Infer what albedo measures.
Albedo is the measurement of reflected light off of a surface.
100
Consider the formula for electrostatic force. Which of the following is true about the electrostatic forces between two charges?
A. The farther away the charges, the stronger the force.
B. The larger the charges, the stronger the force.
C. The closer the charges, the weaker the force.
D. The smaller the charges, the stronger the force.
The larger the charges, the stronger the force.
100
Sandra pushed a wooden block and it slid across the floor. The wooden block gradually slowed down and stopped after moving 10 meters. Why did the block stop moving?
The floor exerted a force that is opposite to the direction of the block’s motion.
100
How many children does Mrs. Lutnes have? What are thier names?
3. Aydan, Avery, and Anayah
200
Which type of organism releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
Plants and Animals
200
A rug sits in a sunny place on the floor for a long time. Kiara thinks that light from the sun can cause the rug’s color to fade over time. Can light from the sun cause the rug’s color to fade? Justify your answer.
Yes. The rug can take in energy from the light, causing the rug’s color to fade.
200
Given the formula for Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation, which of the following distances between two distinct objects, would result in the largest gravitational force? Justify your answer
A. 10 meters
B. 20 meters
C. 100 meters
D. 1050 meters
A. 10 Meters
200
Based on this information, which type of light can cause the paper to change color?
The ultraviolet light can cause the paper to change color.
200
Three students made the diagrams above to show what they think the Moon looks like when it is seen from above (top view). In these diagrams, the sunlight is coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Which diagram is accurate and why?
Diagram C is accurate because the half of the Moon that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.
300
How does light travel?
Light only travels in straight lines.
300
Dentists use a soft, clay-like material to make a filling for a cavity. The filling stays soft under the light of the dentist’s lamp, but it hardens when the dentist shines an ultraviolet flashlight on it. Why does light from the ultraviolet flashlight harden the filling when light from the lamp does not?
Because the filling material can take in energy from ultraviolet light, but not from the light from the lamp.
300
Given that the momentum of an object is zero units, which of the following is most likely true? Justify your answer.
A. the object has zero mass
B. the object has a change in momentum of zero
C. the object is not moving
D. the object has a negative displacement
C. The Object is not moving
300
Hockey is a sport in which players use hockey sticks to push a puck across smooth ice. At practice one day, three different-colored hockey pucks were sliding on the ice. The green hockey puck has less mass than the black and purple hockey pucks, which have the same mass. A player hit each hockey puck with a stick, but not from the same direction. Use the information in the diagram to answer. Which puck(s) experienced the strongest force when hit? How do you know?
The black and purple hockey pucks; they have more mass than the green puck, but changed speed by the same amount.
300
5^2 + 12^2 = Solve for the hypotenuse
13^2
400
Explain the evidence for seafloor spreading using the following terms: magnetic field, Mid Ocean Ridge, and magma. Where on the seafloor is new rock being created and where is older seafloor found?
The Mid Ocean Ridge is an underwater mountain system. It is formed when magma wells up to the ocean floor and forms new seafloor. This new seafloor moves away from the ridge on either side. When the seafloor is analyzed, we find that the magnetic field changes at different sections which lines up to when the Earth's magnetic field is normal and when it is reversed. The further away from the ridge, the older the seafloor.
400
Tyrel is learning about a certain kind of metal used to make satellites. He learns that infrared light is absorbed by the metal, X-ray light is transmitted through the metal, and visible light is reflected off the metal. Tyrel wonders if the metal will get warm if he shines the lights on it. Can light cause the metal to get warm? Why or why not? Does it matter what type of light shines on the metal?
Yes, light can cause the metal to get warm because light carries energy that can cause materials to change. Yes, the type of light matters because materials can only take in energy from some types of light and not others. Only the type of light that is absorbed (the infrared light) can cause the metal to get warm, because energy is not absorbed and the material does not change if it reflects or transmits the light.
400
Examine the data set that tracks the momentum of a car and truck before and after a collision. Is momentum conserved? How do you know?
Yes because the change in momentum for both objects is the same. This means momentum is conserved because the total amount of momentum in the system does not change.
400
Three students made the diagrams above to show what they think the Moon looks like when it is seen from above (top view). In these diagrams, the sunlight is coming from the left, as shown by the arrows. Which diagram is accurate and why?
Diagram C is accurate because the half of the Moon that is facing the sun is lit by the sun, and the other half is dark.
400
Astronomers made two observations of the Moon that were several days apart. Their observations are shown in the diagram above. The light part of the Moon appeared to get larger over time. Why did this happen?
Between the first observation and the second observation, the Moon moved so that the astronomers were able to see more of the half that faces the sun.
500
Analyze the following image and cite two examples that provide evidence of the past plate motions.
The shape of the continents suggests that previously the continents were connected and have moved away from each other due to the plates motions. Additionally, the same coastlines that used to be connected, have the same fossil present. This means that when this animal was living the continents were connected.
500
These graphs show the wavelength and amplitude of light coming from three lasers. Could any of these lasers be giving off a different type of light? Explain your answer.
Yes. Laser 2 could be giving off a different type of light because Laser 2 has a different wavelength than Lasers 1 and 3.
500
Three toy boats with the same mass were in a lake. Two boats were moving and one was stopped. Each boat got bumped by another boat, but not in the same direction. All the boats changed speed as a result of being bumped. Use the information in the diagram to answer: Which toy boat(s) experienced the strongest force when it was bumped? How do you know?
All three toy boats experienced the same strength force, because they changed speed by the same amount.
500
Tanisha says that the Moon looks dark from Earth when the Moon is in two different places: always when it is closest to the sun, as in Top View #1, and always when it is furthest from the sun, as in Top View #2. Is Tanisha correct? If she is correct, explain why the Moon always looks dark from Earth in both of these positions. If she is incorrect, explain when the Moon looks dark from Earth and how the light on the Moon should look in each of Tanisha’s diagrams.
Tanisha is partly correct. The sun illuminates the half of the Moon that is facing the sun, and from Earth we can see the part of the lit half that is facing us. The Moon always looks dark from Earth in Top View #1 because the illuminated half is facing away from Earth. But in Top View #2, it only looks completely dark sometimes, when Earth is in a straight line between the sun and the Moon so that Earth blocks the sun’s light. In Top View #1, the half of the Moon that is facing the sun should be illuminated. Tanisha’s diagram of Top View #2 is sometimes correct; during an eclipse, the Moon could be completely dark.
500
Alika finds a certain kind of butterfly near her house. She reads that ultraviolet light is absorbed by the butterfly’s wings, red light is transmitted through the butterfly’s wings, and green light is reflected off the butterfly’s wings. Alika’s friend Claire tells her that if you shine light on the butterfly, its wings will glow. Can light cause the butterfly’s wings to glow? Why or why not? Does it matter what type of light Alika shines on the butterfly?
Yes, light can cause the butterfly’s wings to glow because light carries energy that can cause materials to change. Yes, the type of light matters because materials can only take in energy from some types of light and not others. Only the type of light that is absorbed (the ultraviolet light) can cause the butterfly’s wings to glow, because energy is not absorbed and the material does not change if it reflects or transmits the light.