Waves
The Rock Cycle
Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift
Ocean & Atmosphere
Forces & Energies
Ecosystems
Bonus
100
The part of the wave that measures the distance from resting position to the crest of the wave and can indicate the energy level of the wave.
Amplitude
100
Why is the rock cycle a "cycle" and not just a linear process with a clear start and end.
Because rocks continuously change from one type to another (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) over time, with no fixed beginning or end.
100
The theory that Earth’s crust is split into moving plates.
Plate Tectonics
100
The name for the daily rise and fall of ocean levels caused by the Moon's gravity.
Ocean tides
100
The force that pulls objects toward Earth.
Gravity
100
Organisms that produce their own food, like plants through photosynthesis.
Producers
100
Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space. Examples are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.
Greenhouse gases
200
The equation for energy of a wave
Energy = (Amplitude)2
200
Rock 1 formed from cooled lava and magma, Rock 2 was an existing rock exposed to heat and pressure, and Rock 3 was formed by the build up and compaction of sediments.
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary
200
When two plates pull apart; When two plates come together.
Divergent; Convergent
200
Drives movement of deep ocean currents and air masses.
Uneven heating of the Earth by the sun (due to the curvature of the rounded Earth).
200
An object in motion stays in motion unless a force acts on it
Inertia, Newtons First Law
200
Organisms that only eat plants; organisms that only eat meat
Herbivore; Carnivore
200
The main greenhouse gas released by burning fossil fuels.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
300
If wave one has half the amplitude of wave two, how much energy does wave 1 have?
Wave 1 has 1/4 the energy of wave 2
300
Weathering, erosion, and deposition of rock
Break it, move it, drop it
300
The name given to Earth's supercontinent before it broke apart.
Pangea
300
The movement of hot water/air __________ while cold water/air ____________.
Rises; Sinks
300
The type of energy stored in a stretched rubber band.
Potential Energy
300
Organisms that break down dead matter into nutrients, like fungi
Decomposers
300
Rising global temperatures cause this threat to polar bears, who rely on their specific environment to survive.
Melting sea ice
400
A high frequency wave has __________ energy than a low frequency wave and a ______ wavelength.
More; shorter
400
This rock type can become metamorphic if buried deep enough, then melt into magma if heated further.
Any type of rock.
400
The mechanism behind continental drift and plate tectonics
Convection in Earth's mantle
400
This gas makes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, and this gas makes up 21%
Nitrogen; Oxygen
400
The Law that states: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction / the reason your hand hurts when you punch something.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
400
A polar bear hunting seals or a a bear hunting salmon are examples of this ecological relationship where one organism eats another.
Predator-Prey Relationship
400
The term for when oceans absorb CO₂ and become more acidic, harming marine life.
Ocean acidification
500
The difference between the two main wave types: electromagnetic and mechanical
Mechanical waves like sound waves need a medium (air, water, etc.) to travel through, while electromagnetic waves like light, do not.
500
This rock cycle step turns solid rock into magma—no weathering required!
Melting
500
These three natural events are caused by plate movements
Volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain formations
500
This layer of the atmosphere absorbs harmful UV radiation.
Ozone Layer (O3)
500
The sum of potential and kinetic energy
Mechanical energy
500
The variety of life in an ecosystem (includes different species, genes, and habitats).
Biodiversity
500
This leads to more intense heat waves, heavier rainstorms, stronger hurricanes, and other extreme weather events.
Rising Global Temperatures / Climate Change
600
This term describes the full range of light waves, from radio waves to gamma rays, that travel at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum
600
These preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms are often found in sedimentary rock.
Fossils
600
How does the Law of Superposition help geologists determine the relative ages of rock layers?
The oldest rocks in an undisturbed rock layer are on the bottom
600
The name given to the circulation of deep ocean currents due to differences in density driven by differences in temperature and salinity.
Thermohaline Circulation
600
The reason a crumpled paper falls faster than a flat one.
Air resistance
600
The process where algae and phytoplankton produce 50-70% of Earth’s oxygen.
Photosynthesis
600
Warmer oceans cause this colorful underwater ecosystem to bleach and die, harming fish and marine life that depend on it.
Coral Reefs