Enzymes
What is an enzyme?
This biological molecule speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
What are monomers?
smaller building blocks that make up macromolecules
What is selectively permeable (or semi-permeable)?
Only certain molecules are able to pass through.
What is diffusion?
This type of passive transport moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
What is the nucleus?
This organelle is known as the “control center” of the cell because it contains the cell’s DNA.
What is the active site?
The specific location on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What are carbohydrates?
This macromolecule provides quick energy and includes sugars and starches.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
What is facilitated diffusion?
This special type of diffusion helps large or charged molecules pass through the membrane using proteins.
What are ribosomes?
These small structures are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is a substrate?
The substance that an enzyme acts on during a reaction is called this.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
What is homeostasis?
This process allows cells to maintain a stable internal environment by controlling the movement of substances across the membrane.
What is active transport?
This process requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration.
What is the mitochondrion?
This organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” because it produces ATP through cellular respiration.
What is denaturation?
If an enzyme gets too hot, it may lose its shape and stop working.
What is a synthesis reaction?
The process in which monomers join together to form polymer.
What is the eyepiece (or ocular lens)?
This part of a microscope is the lens you look through, usually magnifying the image by 10x.
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Osmosis is a type of passive transport moves water across a membrane. Diffusion is a type of passive transport moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
What is the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)?
This organelle packages and modifies proteins before sending them to their final destinations inside or outside the cell.
What is the lock-and-key model?
This term describes how enzymes only work with specific substrates, like a key fitting into a lock.
What is digestion reaction?
The opposite of a synthesis reaction, this process breaks down polymer to monomers.
If the eyepiece lens magnifies 10x and the objective lens magnifies 40x, the total magnification is this.
The total magnification is 400x. (Because 10 × 40 = 400)
A red blood cell is placed in a solution, and it shrivels up because water leaves the cell. What type of solution is it in?
hypertonic solution
What is the chloroplast?
In plant cells, this organelle uses sunlight to make glucose during photosynthesis.