BODY ORGANIZATION & TERMINOLOGY
This is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
What is a cell?
This outer body covering helps protect the body and regulate its temperature.
What is the skin?
Muscles produce movement by doing this: shortening in length.
What is contracting?
This nervous system cell has a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
What is a neuron?
These structures on the tongue sense the taste of food.
What are taste buds?
These are groups of cells that work together to perform the same task.
What are tissues?
These are the three layers of the skin, from outermost to deepest.
What are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
These muscles can be controlled by will and help maintain posture and produce movement.
What are voluntary, or skeletal, muscles?
These two structures make up the central nervous system.
What are the brain and spinal cord?
These are the four main taste sensations listed in the unit.
What are sweet, sour, salty, and bitter?
This plane divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts.
What is the transverse plane?
The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum belong to this division of the skeleton.
What is the axial skeleton?
These muscles control the contractions of the heart and are not controlled by will.
What are cardiac muscles?
These are the three main parts of a neuron.
What are the cell body, dendrites, and axon?
This part of the eye receives and decodes light information before it is sent to the brain.
What is the retina?
The brain and spinal cord are protected within this main body cavity.
What is the dorsal cavity?
The humerus is found in the arm, while the femur is found in the thigh. Both belong to this bone category.
What are long bones?
This muscle attachment is on the stationary bone; this one is on the movable bone.
What are the origin and insertion, respectively?
Cranial and spinal nerves carry messages between the central nervous system and the body. Together, these nerves are part of this system.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Name the three major divisions of the ear, from outside to inside.
What are the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear?
A clinician needs to describe a location on the patient’s left side, below the navel, and toward the front. This quadrant and directional term identify the location.
What are the left lower quadrant (LLQ) and anterior?
An adult bone contains soft connective tissue that helps produce blood cells. This type of marrow is found in adult flat bones; most other adult bones contain the fatty type.
What are red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow, respectively?
A person moves an arm away from the body’s midline, then brings it back toward the midline. Name the two movements in order.
What are abduction and adduction?
Name the four major divisions of the brain described in the unit.
What are the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum, and diencephalon?
Odor receptors are located near the top of this space. They are nerve cells covered with hairlike structures that send messages to the brain.
What are the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity, with cilia on the receptor cells?