a type of personification that gives animals human characteristics
anthropomorphism
At the start of the 20th Century, this man was the ruler of Russia until overthrown in 1905. He had a daughter named Anastasia.
Czar Nicholas II
Karl Marx was convinced that if the proletariat united, they could easily seize the means of production back from this group.
the bourgeoisie
This character enjoyed luxuries like sugar and ribbons far more than rebellion and revolution.
Mollie
In Animal Farm, George Orwell treats Animalism as an allusion to this economic theory.
communism
On an orchard, windfall refers to this fallen commodity.
fruit (apples)
the experience when the reader knows more than the characters in a story
dramatic irony
This book written by the German Karl Marx was part of the inspiration for the February and October Revolutions.
The Communist Manifesto
The Russian revolutionaries and pigs both used this term to unite the people of Russia and the animals of Animal Farm; the word means friend.
comrade
Though not the most intelligent, he was the hardest worker of Animal Farm, but his hardwork was hardly honored by the pigs.
Boxer
Napoleon, the Berkshire boar, is an allusion to these two famous men in history, one Russian and one French.
Jospeh Stalin and Napoleon Bonaparte
This device is used to connect a plough to a horse or donkey.
harness
a third-person, collective point of view that expresses the thoughts of a majority of characters
village voice
This group of Russian revolutionaries were led by Vladamir Lenin during the October Revolution. However, Lenin's role is considered controversial by some historians due to his absence on the day of seizing.
the Bolsheviks
This technique is used by Squaler to convince the animals that events which were significant never happened; like denying the role of Snowball's leadership in the Battle of Cowshed.
gaslighting
Napoleon found these animals the easiest to manipulate through maxims like "Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad."
the sheep
The animals of Animal Farm originally followed a set of seven rules painted on the barn; these rules were inspired by these Bliblical rules of a similar name.
The Ten Commandments
This name is given to pigs that are raised for the slaughter.
porker
an archetype, different from the rebel, that describes a character who overthrows a ruler through shrewd methods
the Usurper
The February Revolution, which occurred on Women's Day in Russia, was a revolt that took place in this former capital city.
Petrograd
When animals or people tend to conform to the same behavior even when it goes against their individual wishes or best interest, psychologists call the phenomenon this.
herd behavior
This character could read resolutions set forth by the pigs; alongside Clover, she recognized the hypocrisy of the pigs, but she was too afraid to speak out against them.
Muriel
Mr. Frederickson and Pinchfield allude to this tyrant and country who violated the Non-Aggression Pact and initiating World War II.
Adolf Hitler and Germany
A foal is the name for baby horse; colt is used for a boy horse and filly for girl horse. When they mature, males are called stallions while females are called this.
mares
a type of story, like Animal Farm, where every character, setting, and event has an additional meaning
allegory
In Soviet Russia, Stalin enforced his tyranny through the use of the NKVD, his secret police, and propaganda through this "false" news organization.
The Soviet Press
Rhetoric refers to effective, persuasive speaking; the rhetorical triangle considers three aspects of a speech that make it effective; these three aspects refer to the speech, speaker, and audience.
logos, ethos, and pathos
This was a human to whom Napoleon made frequent contact (post-farmer Jones); he used the pretext of trading. Another hint: this man was never a farmer.
Mr. Whymper
Clover often recognizes changes made to Animal Farm by the pigs and she wishes to question them, but her inability to read and critically think hold her back, which represents this group of people in Russia.
uneducated, poor/peasants who see how Stalin's Soviet Union fails them
This part of the pig allows it to move, and in Animal Farm they allowed the pigs to write. Don't try to say limb or legs... that's not good enough for Napoleon!
trotter