SECESSION & THE WAR BEGINS
This Republican won the presidential election of 1860 without carrying a single Southern state.
Who was Abraham Lincoln?
This first major battle of the Civil War shattered hopes that the conflict would end quickly.
What was the First Battle of Bull Run?
Taking effect on January 1, 1863, this wartime order declared enslaved people free in Confederate-held territory.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
This Union general became commander of all Union armies and used constant pressure to wear down Confederate forces.
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
This constitutional amendment permanently abolished slavery throughout the United States in 1865.
What was the Thirteenth Amendment?
This state became the first to leave the Union on December 20, 1860.
What was South Carolina?
This Confederate general earned a "rock-hard" nickname while holding the line at First Bull Run.
Who was Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson?
This massive July 1863 battle in Pennsylvania ended Robert E. Lee’s major invasion of the North.
What was the Battle of Gettysburg?
This Union general captured Atlanta and then led the destructive March to the Sea.
Who was William Tecumseh Sherman?
This federal agency provided food, schools, legal assistance, and help with labor contracts to formerly enslaved people after the war.
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
This man became the only president of the Confederate States of America.
Who was Jefferson Davis?
This September 1862 battle became the bloodiest single day in American history and gave Lincoln the opportunity to announce emancipation.
What was the Battle of Antietam?
Lincoln delivered this short 1863 speech declaring that the nation must experience a “new birth of freedom.”
What was the Gettysburg Address?
This military strategy targeted not only enemy armies but also railroads, factories, farms, supplies, and civilian morale.
What is total war?
These Southern laws attempted to restrict the movement, labor, and civil rights of freed African Americans after emancipation.
What were the Black Codes?
Confederate forces bombarded this U.S. fort in Charleston Harbor in April 1861, beginning open warfare.
What was Fort Sumter?
Capturing this Mississippi fortress city on July 4, 1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and effectively split the Confederacy.
What was Vicksburg?
This Black Union regiment famously assaulted Fort Wagner in July 1863 under Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.
What was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment?
Sherman’s capture of this major railroad and industrial center in September 1864 dramatically strengthened Lincoln’s chances for reelection.
What was Atlanta?
This amendment granted birthright citizenship and equal protection under the law in 1868.
What was the Fourteenth Amendment?
In his famous 1861 “Cornerstone Speech,” this Confederate vice president explicitly declared racial inequality and slavery to be foundational principles of the new Confederacy.
Who was Alexander Stephens?
Roughly 23,000 combined casualties at this April 1862 battle shocked Americans with the scale of the war’s violence.
What was the Battle of Shiloh?
At Gettysburg, this disastrous Confederate assault sent thousands of soldiers across open ground toward Union positions on Cemetery Ridge.
What was Pickett’s Charge?
On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant at this Virginia village, effectively ending the Confederacy’s main war effort.
What was Appomattox Court House?
This president survived his impeachment trial by just one Senate vote after clashing with Congress over Reconstruction.
Who was Andrew Johnson?