Characteristics of Living Things
Give an example of when an organism doesn't have ALL of the characteristics of living things, but is still considered alive.
1. Kids and elders can't reproduce, but are still alive.
2. When you're sick, you don't maintain homeostasis.
3. Plant movement is very slight, but they're still alive.
4. Adults don't grow (their hair, nails, ears, and noses do, though!)
Is bacteria alive? Explain your reasoning.
Bacteria is a prokaryotic organism that can grow and reproduce.
Is a virus alive? Why or why not?
No, because it is unable to reproduce on its own. It is, however, chemical.
Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell?
In the nucleus
For Halloween this year, Ms.Hasbrouck will be doing a couples costume with her baby dog, Otis. Otis looks like a particular fictional character and will be going as this fictional character for Halloween...
What is Otis's Halloween costume?
Snoopy!
List the 7 characteristics of living things in MRS.GREN.
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
How is a bacterial infection treated?
Through the use of antibiotics.
How do you treat a viral infection?
You can't treat a viral infection, but you can take medicine for the symptoms and antiviral medicine to help your immune system fight off the virus faster.
How are animal and plant cells different?
Animals have centrosomes and lysosomes. Plants have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles.
How does herd immunity work?
When at least 80-90% of a population has immunity against a virus, the virus has no human host to travel and spread from, so those who are not immune are no longer at risk.
Give an example of something that has at least one characteristic of a living thing, but is not necessarily alive.
Computer virus, pathogenic virus
Why should you avoid taking antibiotics too frequently?
When you use antibiotics, it triggers natural selection within bacterial cells. Those which survive are able to reproduce and their population will evolve to develop antibiotic immunity.
Viruses can attack 3 different types of organisms. What are they?
Animals, plants, and bacteria
What are the three parts of cell theory?
Why is hand washing the most effective method for protecting against viral infection?
Washing your hands with soap and water actually "kills" the virus on your hands so that it can no longer be spread to others. Masks and social distancing are effective, but they do not remove the virus.
How does photosynthesis work?
Carbon dioxide and water react together along with sunlight to form glucose and a biproduct of Oxygen. This occurs in the chloroplasts. Glucose is then stored for later use.
List at least three ways bacteria get their energy.
Chemoautotrophic (from chemicals), photoautotrophic (from the sun), symbiotic (like the bacteria in our stomach), pathogenic (parasites like meningitis), saprophrytic (from dead organisms), heterotrophic (from other organisms)
Explain what an attenuated virus vaccine is.
Attenuated virus vaccine is a weakened or "dead" version of the virus that is injected into the bloodstream and introduced to your immune system so that you can develop antibodies against the virus.
Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic- more complex organisms, animals and plants, contain membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic- less complex, have been around longer than eukaryotic, no membrane-bound organelles, example is bacteria
What are some reasons why someone may choose not to be vaccinated?
Religious, philosophical, medical reasons
How does cellular respiration work?
Cellular respiration is the act of "breaking" glucose molecules in order to use the energy. The equation is the opposite of photosynthesis. This occurs in the mitochondria of ALL eukaryotic cells.
What are the four shapes of bacteria?
Rod, round, comma, and spiral
(This will not be on the exam!)
Explain what an mRNA vaccine is.
mRNA vaccines use messenger RNA, which is like the instructions to make the DNA found in the virus without using the actual DNA of the virus.
Cells, cells, they're made of ____________. Try to pull a fast one the ___________ gels.
Organelles, cytoplasm
Who is Ms.Hasbrouck's favorite scientist and what are they famous for?
Acceptable answers: Charles Darwin, Jennifer Doudna, Neil Degrasse Tyson, Rosaling Franklin