States of Matter
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas.
Define a physical property.
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's identity.
What is a chemical property?
A characteristic that can only be observed during a chemical reaction.
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances, while a compound is a chemical combination of two or more elements.
How is matter classified?
Matter is classified as either a pure substance (elements and compounds) or a mixture.
What is the process called when a solid turns into a liquid?
Melting.
What is an example of a physical change?
Melting ice or boiling water.
Give an example of a chemical change.
Rusting of iron or burning wood.
Name a method to separate a mixture.
Filtration, distillation, or chromatography.
What are elements?
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Name a property that distinguishes liquids from solids.
Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape.
Name a physical property that can be observed without changing the substance.
Color, shape, or mass.
What happens to the chemical properties of a substance during a chemical reaction?
They change as new substances are formed.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture that has a uniform composition and appearance throughout
Explain what a solution is.
A homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent)
What state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
How does density relate to buoyancy?
An object will float if its density is less than the density of the fluid it is placed in.
How can you identify a chemical change?
By observing changes such as color change, temperature change, gas production, or precipitate formation
Describe a heterogeneous mixture.
A mixture that has a non-uniform composition, where the individual components can be seen and separated.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom, while a compound is made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
What is plasma, and where can it be found?
Plasma is a state of matter consisting of charged particles and can be found in stars, including the sun.
Explain the difference between malleability and ductility.
Malleability is the ability of a substance to be hammered into thin sheets, while ductility is the ability to be drawn into wires.
Explain the significance of reactivity in chemical properties.
Reactivity determines how a substance interacts with other substances, influencing its potential uses and safety.
Why are compounds considered pure substances?
Because they consist of only one type of molecule and have consistent properties throughout.
How do you determine if a substance is a pure substance?
By checking if it has a consistent composition and properties throughout, and cannot be separated into other substances by physical means.