Historical Figures & Scientific Method
Which scientist championed the scientific method by dropping objects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
Galileo Galilei
This is a term for a push or pull on an object.
Force
What is speed?
What are 3 types of laws?
Civil Law. Divine Law. Natural Law.
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
Believed that we can obtain knowledge through observation and logic.
Believed the universe is made of 4 elements.
Believed elements go to where the "desire" to dwell.
Believed gravity acts differently on all objects.
When you combine all individual forces acting on an object, you get this.
Net force.
If I traveled for 5 minutes and went 15 miles, what would my speed be?
3 miles per minute
What is Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
Objects at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a nonzero net force.
Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a nonzero net force.
What are the 4 types of friction?
Static, Sliding, Rolling, and Fluid
Name the 5 steps of the Scientific Method
Observe, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze/Conclude
A team pulls with 5 Newtons to the left, while another team pulls with 15 Newtons to the right. What will the resulting net force be?
10 Newtons to the right
What unit of measurement do we use in science for distance?
Meters! (Kilometers is also acceptable)
Give 2 examples of Newton's 3rd Law and explain how each of them illustrates this law.
Newton's 3rd Law is "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." Example: Jumping on a trampoline. The action occurs when your feet press down on the fabric and cause the springs to stretch. The reaction occurs when the springs recoil, and the fabric pushes up on you which causes you to fly higher into the air!
What 2 factors affect the amount of friction there is between two objects?
1. The surface texture of each object.
2. How hard the surfaces are being pressed together.
Why do we need to create a hypothesis?
A hypothesis provides a clear focus for your investigation.
It allows you to make predictions that can be tested.
It provides a framework for analyzing the results and drawing conclusions.
This term describes a change in an object's position.
Motion
Also give an example!
It's just like speed, except it also specifies the direction! Example: 10 mph North!
What is inertia?
Also give an example of an object with a SMALL amount of inertia, but a large volume.
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
Example: A beach ball!
What does the Universal Law of Gravitation say?
All objects with mass have some type of attraction between them, which is dependent on the amount of mass of each object as well as the distance between them.
Give a scenario where you use the Scientific Method to discover truth.
Step 1: Observe (you notice that a feather falls slower than a watermleon).
Step 2: Question (why is that feather falling slower, when Galileo and other scientists have proved that gravity has the same pull on all objects?0
Step 3: Hypothesis (I think feathers feel a repulsion to earth... only feathers)
Step 4: Experiment (drop a feather, a paper, and a watermelon)
Step 5: Analyze (it's not just the feather that experiences a slower descent... what further experiments could I do?)
Explain how a racecar speeding around a track can technically be "not in motion".
Motion depends on the reference point we choose! If we choose the car freshener as our reference point, the racecar's position does not change in relation to that car freshener, and therefore we could say it is "not in motion."
A horse trotted along at 30 m/s, but all of a sudden got spooked and sped up to 40 m/s in only 5 seconds!
What was the horses acceleration?
2 m/s2
Explain Newton's 2nd Law without using the words "force, mass, acceleration."
The push/pull on an object is equal to how much stuff is in that object times the change in speed over time the object moves.
How much does a 2 kg piece of cake weight on earth? (In the equation F=ma, a is 9.8 m/s2)
We use the equation F = ma
F = (2 kg)(9.8 m/s2) = 18.6 N