Lesson 1
The belief that living organisms could arise from non-living matter
What is spontaneous generation?
These structures in bacterial cells serve as storage sites for nutrients when they are abundant.
What are inclusion bodies?
During this phase, bacteria divide at their most rapid rate
What is the exponential/ logarithmic (log) phase?
These are permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
What are mutations?
The breakdown of dead matter and waste by bacteria and fungi.
What is decomposition?
This scientist made drawings of microbes from his teeth that he called “animalcules”.
What is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek?
Because they lack a rigid cell wall, Mycoplasmas exhibit this type of variable shape.
What is pleomorphic?
During this initial phase of the bacterial growth curve, cells are metabolically active but not dividing significantly.
What is the lag phase?
These mutations occur naturally as errors in base pairing during DNA replication.
What are spontaneous mutations?
Completely free of all life forms including endospores and virus particles
What is sterile?
This scientist invented taxonomy
What is Carl von Linné (Linnaeus)?
Besides Mycobacterium, this genus also contains acid-fast species.
What is Nocardia?
During this phase of bacterial growth, the number of cells dividing equals the number of cells dying.
What is the stationary phase?
This type of gene transfer requires direct cell-to-cell contact and a fertility pilus to transfer large amounts of DNA.
What is conjugation?
This lipid makes the acid-fast cell wall fatty and waxy.
What is mycolic acid?
This branch of microbiology monitors and control the spread of diseases. This includes the CDC and WHO
What is Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology?
This molecule in the outer membrane contains polysaccharide chains and can trigger fever and septic shock.
What is lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
During this phase, the number of live bacterial cells decreases exponentially.
What is the death phase (decline phase)?
The phase of transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA.
What is initiation?
This enzyme digests peptidoglycan, breaking down bacterial cell walls.
What is lysozyme?
Modifying the genetic makeup of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Name two examples of GMOs
What is Recombinant DNA technology?
This species of Streptococcus is well-known for its capsule and is a common cause of pneumonia.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Factors such as nutrient depletion, toxic waste accumulation, and limited space contribute to this phase.
What is the death/decline phase?
A complete DNA sequence
What is genome?
A glycocalyx layer that is tightly bound, dense, and helps bacteria evade phagocytosis is called this.
What is a capsule?