Cell Differentiation
Mutations
The Cell Cycle
Cancer
Parts of DNA
Could be anything Ms. Cervone wants to talk about because it is important or possibly fun
100
What is a Stem Cell?
A cell that can become any cell the body needs during a baby's time developing in it's mother.
100
What mutation am I?
Original: A-T-G-C-C-A-T-G
Mutated: A-T-G-C-A-T-G
100
Why do we and all living things need new cells? There are 3 reasons.....
Growth, reproduction and to heal
100
How does cancer develop?
Cells lose control and are UNREGULATED. Cell division is UNCONTROLLED continues may form tumors.
100
What is this image?
100
If cancer-(unregulated cell) was a celebrity-famous person who would you chose?
If you were to think of a healthy regulated cell-who would you chose?
Ms. Cervone will evaluate this answer
200
How does a stem cell "know" what cell it is to become?
It knows by what genes are turned ON to give instructions on what cell it is to become.
200
What type of mutation occurred?
A DNA sequence originally contains A-T-G-C-C-A. After a mutation, the sequence becomes A-T-G-G-C-C-A.
200
During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell grow, copy its DNA, and prepare for cell division?
Interphase
200
Why are cell cycle checkpoints important?
They help prevent cells with damaged DNA from dividing through apoptosis.
200
This picture shows the original DNA during the S phase. As it is copied it receives a new strand and an old strand. We call this...
Parental DNA > Replication fork > Parental strand + new strand
Semi-conservative replication
200
A cell is growing, performing normal functions, before DNA replication begins. Which phase is it in?
G1 or Growth phase 1
300
A developing embryo contains cells that will eventually become nerve cells, blood cells, and muscle cells. Why is cell differentiation important during development?
It allows cells to become specialized and form different tissues and organs.
300
A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in a DNA sequence is replaced with another nucleotide. How could this mutation affect the organism?
It may change the protein produced by changing the sequence.
300
A scientist observes chromosomes lined up across the middle of a cell. Which stage of mitosis is being observed?
Metaphase
300
What does it mean to be UNREGULATED and UNCONTROLLED?
They divide when they shouldn't
They ignore checkpoints
No Apoptosis
They can form tumors
300
What gives DNA its ladder shape, structure and support?
Sugar Phosphate Back Bone
300
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids (Chromosomes)separate and move toward opposite poles
400
Cells in the human body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and skin cells look and function differently?
Different genes are turned on and off in each cell type
400
A DNA mutation changes a codon from GAA to GAG. Both codons code for the amino acid glutamic acid. What type of mutation occurred?
Silent Mutation
400
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis and what percentage of time does it take in this cycle?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
10% of the cell cycle
400
What do the words Benign and Malignant mean?
Benign means - not harmful/noncancerous
Malignant means- Cancerous
400
What does the pentagon shape (gingerbread house) represent?
Deoxyribose- SUGAR
400
What are the 3 primary mutations that we have learned and explain briefly what happens.
SHOULD you count the original strand of DNA when trying to figure out what mutation it is? Why is it important?
THIS IS THE DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Deletion, Substitution and Insertion
YES!!!!!!!! you need to count to not make careless mistakes in judgement on your mutations
500
What is the process called when an unspecialized cell develops into a cell with a specific structure and function?
Cell Differentiation
500
A mutation removes one nitrogen base from a DNA sequence. Why can this mutation have a major effect on the protein produced?
It can shift the reading frame and change multiple amino acids
500
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To produce two genetically similar daughter cells.
500
Why are cancer cells considered abnormal?
They do not follow normal controls that regulate cell growth and division
500
What is the bond that holds the 2 strands of the double helix of DNA together?
Hydrogen Bond
500
What is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis divides the nucleus and DNA inside the nucleus, while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm.