Electromagnetic Radiation
Electrons travel in straight lines, but act like _____.
Waves
How many energy levels does Aluminum have?
3
Ionization energy ______ as you move from group 1 and up.
Increases
When an element loses an electron, what charge does the element become? What is this called?
Positive; cation
The tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight valence electrons.
Octet Rule
This electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength, but the least amount of energy.
Radio wave
Give the electron configuration for Fluorine.
1s^2 2s^2 2p^5
Atomic radii increases as you go ___ and to the _____.
down, left
When an element gains an electron, the charge becomes ____. What is this called?
Negative; anion
It is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron or other particle simultaneously.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
Visible light is made of these 7 colors (in order)
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
How many valence electrons are in the element with the following orbital configuration?
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2
2
Elements tend to display stronger metallic characteristics if you go ____ and to the _____.
down; left
Group 2 elements will tend to ___ how many electrons?
Gain 2
No two electrons in the same atom will have the same set of quantum numbers.
Pauli exclusion principle
As wavelength increases, energy ____ and frequency _____.
decreases, decreases
Give the shorthand notation for Br.
[Ar]4s^2 3d^10 4p^5
Nonmetals are typically this type of ion
Anion
The tendency of core electrons in the inner energy levels to block the attraction of the nucleus to the valence electrons, causing them to be held more loosely.
Shielding effect
Light is made of these specific type of particles that are emitted by electrons when they get excited
Photons
What happens to electrons as they get closer to an element's nucleus? Explain.
Loses energy. More tightly bound by nuclear forces.
Covalent bonds are usually formed when electrons are _____, like between two _________.
Shared; nonmetals
As the atomic number goes up, the nuclear attraction for electrons is stronger and the electrons get pulled in more tightly.
Coulomb's Law