Bugs, Drugs and Parasites
These antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis and are classified by “generations,” with third generation having more Gram– coverage.
What are Cephalosporins?
This positive inotrope is a cardiac glycoside with a narrow therapeutic index used to treat CHF and AFib.
What is Digoxin?
What is the normal blood volume in mL/kg for dogs and for cats?
What is Dogs » 90 mL/kg; cats » 45 mL/kg?
This topical ophthalmic drug numbs the cornea for tonometry and ophthalmic procedures
What is Proparacaine (or Tetracaine)?
SLUDD (or SLUDD + Dyspnea) are side effects of which general class of drugs that mimic parasympathetic stimulation?
What are Cholinergic agents?
This aminoglycoside class is bactericidal, effective only against aerobic bacteria, and has two major toxicities. Name the class and the two toxicities.
What are Aminoglycosides; ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
This mixed inodilator increases calcium sensitivity of the myocardium and is contraindicated in HCM and aortic stenosis.
What is Pimobendan?
Name the three components that must be considered when calculating total fluid rate for a patient.
What is Maintenance, ongoing losses, and hydration deficit?
These immunomodulator drugs are used to treat KCS by stimulating tear production (name either).
What are Cyclosporine (Optimmune) or Tacrolimus
This barbiturate is used for long-term seizure control but can cause liver toxicosis and requires monitoring.
What is Phenobarbital?
This macrolide drug is fatal if accidentally injected into humans, swine, horses, or goats.
What is Tilmicosin (Micotil)?
These drugs prevent conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II and can cause azotemia and hyperkalemia.
What are ACE inhibitors (e.g., Enalapril, Benazepril)?
This isotonic crystalloid contains lactate, which is converted to bicarbonate. It is contraindicated in severe liver disease and hypercalcemia and should not be used with blood products.
What is Lactated Ringer’s Solution (LRS)?
This topical antifungal dip treats dermatophytosis but can stain porous surfaces, jewelry, and fur.
What is Lime sulfur dip?
This dissociative anesthetic is an NMDA receptor antagonist and helps prevent “wind-up” pain.
What is Ketamine?
This fluoroquinolone can cause retinal damage in cats, and the class should not be used in growing animals due to cartilage abnormalities
What is Enrofloxacin (Baytril)?
This mineralocorticoid replacement mimics aldosterone and is used to treat Addison’s disease by retaining sodium and water.
What is DOCP (Desoxycorticosterone pivalate)?
This synthetic colloid starch is used for expansion of blood/plasma volume.
What is Hetastarch?
This biologic monoclonal antibody neutralizes IL-31 and gives 4–8 weeks of itch relief via SQ injection in dogs.
What is Cytopoint (Lokivetmab)?
This partial mu agonist opioid works well in cats, has a long duration of action, and can cause hyperthermia in cats.
What is Buprenorphine?
Name the antiparasitic class and flagship drug: Binds to beta-tubulin, preventing entry into microtubules needed for energy metabolism; treats roundworms, hookworms, strongyles, and whips.
What is Benzimidazoles; Fenbendazole (Panacur)?
This adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor is the treatment of choice for Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) in dogs.
What is Trilostane (Vetoryl)?
Controlled substances: Which schedule has accepted medical use but highest abuse potential, and how long must controlled substance records be kept?
What is Schedule II; records must be kept for 2 years?
This urinary drug is an alpha-adrenergic agonist used to treat urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence, especially in dogs.
What is Phenylpropanolamine (PPA, Proin)?
Name BOTH drugs: one anticonvulsant often used as an add-on or for short-term control, and one used for neuropathic pain and in fear-free protocols.
What are Levetiracetam (Keppra) and Gabapentin?