Passive Causative
"She ______ her _____ cut."
"She had her hair cut."
Explanation: A simple, everyday use of the passive causative.
Structure: Subject + had + object + past participle
Meaning: She arranged for someone else (a hairdresser) to cut her hair.
"The work _____ be _______ by noon."
"The work must be finished by noon."
Structure: [Subject] + modal + be + past participle
Meaning: Someone needs to finish the work before noon. The emphasis is on the work, not the person doing it.
Modal: must (necessity or obligation)
Passive Voice: Yes — the doer is not mentioned.
100
Bonus 700
Simple Present Passive
The book __ _______ (write) by the author.
Active Simple Present:
Simple Present Passive
Passive: The book is written by the author.
Structure: Subject + am/is/are + past participle
Verb: write → written
Active: The author writes the book.
Simple Present Event
"The window ___ cleaned every morning."
"The window ____ cleaned every morning."
Be-passive:
"The window is cleaned every morning."
Structure: Subject + be (is) + past participle
Meaning: Someone cleans the window every morning. It's factual, neutral, and routine.
Tone: Objective/formal.
Get-passive:
"The window gets cleaned every morning."
Structure: Subject + get (gets) + past participle
Meaning: Same as above — someone cleans it — but “gets” adds a slightly more conversational or dynamic tone.
Tone: Slightly more informal, more focused on the result or process.
200
Bonus 600
"The _______ _______ be submitted by the end of the day."
"The report should be submitted by the end of the day."
Structure: [Subject] + modal + be + past participle
Meaning: It is expected that someone submits the report before the end of the day.
Modal: should (expectation or recommendation)
Past Completed Action
"He ____ fired last week."
"He ____ fired last week."
Past Completed Action
Be-passive:
"He was fired last week."
Structure: Subject + be (was) + past participle
Meaning: His employer terminated him.
Tone: Direct, neutral.
Get-passive:
"He got fired last week."
Structure: Subject + get (got) + past participle
Meaning: Same action, but more colloquial or emotional. Often used in spoken English.
Tone: More casual, sometimes with emotional emphasis (e.g., unfairness, surprise).
Simple Past Passive
The song _____ ______ beautifully.
Active:
Passive: The song was sung beautifully.
Structure: Subject + was/were + past participle
Verb: sing → sung
Active: She sang the song beautifully.
"He ____ his car washed."
"He got his car washed."
Explanation: Very natural in informal American English.
Structure: Subject + got + object + past participle
Meaning: He arranged or paid for someone else to wash his car.
"They ____ ____ ___ cleaned _______ the guests arrived."
"They had the house cleaned before the guests arrived."
Explanation: A common scenario involving a service arranged by someone.
Structure: Subject + had + object + past participle + [time clause]
Meaning: They arranged for a cleaner (or cleaning service) to clean the house.
300
Bonus 600
Unpleasant Event with External Cause
"She injured in the ________."
"She ____ ______ in the accident."
Unpleasant Event with External Cause
Be-passive:
"She was injured in the accident."
Structure: Subject + be (was) + past participle
Meaning: She suffered an injury due to the accident.
Tone: Clinical or factual.
Get-passive:
"She got injured in the accident."
Structure: Subject + get (got) + past participle
Meaning: Same meaning, but “got” adds more emotional or personal impact.
Tone: More personal or informal — often heard in conversation.
Past Perfect Passive
The letters ____ ______ _____ (send) before the deadline.
Active:
Past Perfect Passive
Passive: The letters had been sent before the deadline.
Structure: Subject + had + been + past participle
Verb: send → sent
Active: They had sent the letters before the deadline.
"The documents ______ have ______ ______ during the move."
"The documents could have been lost during the move."
Structure: [Subject] + modal + have been + past participle
Meaning: It is possible that someone lost the documents while moving.
Modal: could have (possibility in the past)
Passive Voice: Emphasizes what happened to the documents, not who did it.
"She _____ _____ _______ repaired last week."
"She got her laptop repaired last week."
Explanation: Common for talking about professional services.
Structure: Subject + got + object + past participle + [time expression]
Meaning: She took her laptop to a technician to be repaired.
"The packages ______ not have ______ delivered yet."
"The packages might not have been delivered yet."
Structure: [Subject] + modal + not + have been + past participle
Meaning: It’s possible that someone hasn’t delivered the packages yet.
Modal: might not have (uncertainty about a past action)
Present Perfect Passive
"The project _____ ______ completed on time."
"The project ____ _______ completed on time."
Present Perfect Passive
Be-passive:
"The project has been completed on time."
Structure: Subject + has/have + been + past participle
Meaning: The project was finished on time.
Tone: Suitable for formal or written reports.
Get-passive:
"The project has gotten completed on time." (More common in American English)
Structure: Subject + has/have + gotten + past participle
Meaning: Same, though this use is rare and more informal.
Tone: Very casual; in formal writing, be-passive is preferred.
⚠️ Note: The get-passive is less common in perfect tenses, and not always accepted in formal writing.
400
Bonus 400
Present Perfect Passive
The vase _____ _____ ______ (break) accidentally.
Active:
Present Perfect Passive
Passive: The vase has been broken accidentally.
Structure: Subject + has/have + been + past participle
Verb: break → broken
Active: He has broken the vase accidentally.
"We'll ______ ______ _______ signed by the end of the day."
"We'll have the documents signed by the end of the day."
Explanation: A more advanced future form, still natural in business contexts.
Structure: Subject + will have + object + past participle + [time expression]
Meaning: Arrangements will be made for someone to sign the documents.
"New safety ________ should have ______ implemented _______ the ________ occurred."
"New safety measures should have been implemented before the accident occurred."
Structure: [Subject] + modal + have been + past participle + [time clause]
Meaning: Someone was supposed to put safety measures in place earlier, but didn’t.
Modal: should have (unfulfilled obligation or regret about the past)
Passive Voice: Focus on the measures, not the person responsible.
Passive with Modal + Emphasis on Change or Consequence
"This _____ ______ _______ followed at all times."
"This_____ ______ ______ followed at all times." (Rare, more conversational)
Passive with Modal + Emphasis on Change or Consequence
Be-passive:
"This rule must be followed at all times."
Structure: Modal + be + past participle
Meaning: The rule is mandatory to follow.
Tone: Formal, rule-based, impersonal.
Get-passive:
"This rule must get followed at all times." (Rare, more conversational)
Structure: Modal + get + past participle
Meaning: Same basic idea, but slightly more dynamic; can feel awkward in formal use.
Tone: Informal or spoken English; may sound off in writing.
Future Perfect Passive
The cake ____ ______ _____ ______ (eat) by the guests.
Active:
Future Perfect Passive
Passive: The cake will have been eaten by the guests.
Structure: Subject + will + have + been + past participle
Verb: eat → eaten
Active: The guests will have eaten the cake.
500
Bonus 500