Geography
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Where did South America’s first civilizations emerge from?
Peru (northern Andes region)
What was one way Chavian culture influenced its neighbors?
Art, religion, pottery, textiles, stone carvings
What part of Peru did Nazca culture flourish?
South coast of Peru
Where did Moche culture flourish?
North coast of Peru
What geographic feature made life difficult in the early South American civilizations?
Andes Mountains
On what mountain range did these civilizations develop on?
Andes Mountains
When did Chavin flourish?
900-200 BC
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At the end of what culture did the Nazca grow? When?
Chavin; 200 BC
How did the Moche take advantage of rivers?
They built irrigation systems to water their crops
What allowed the early hunter-gatherer people to become culturally rich civilizations?
Agriculture
True or false; Peru was an easy place to begin a civilization, give an example why.
False: Bad rocky soil, Climate, Physical features (Andes)
What was ruin was Chavin named after?
Chavin de Huantar
What are the Nazca lines and what is one theory on their purpose?
They are drawings etched into plains; Religion (Water cult) or to mark water sources/ the flow of water
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What have archaeologists found in Moche tombs?
Vast wealth, including jewelry, gold, silver, and stones
Why was life so difficult for early South American civilizations? (At least 2 of 3 answers)
Climate, geography, and soil
What part of the Andes did the civilizations grow on?
Northern region
How was Chavin similar to that of the Olmec?
It was a mother culture for South America
What was the climate of where the Nazca were? How did they adapt to it?
Extremely dry; they dug extensive irrigation and canals to make the land farmable
Moche people enjoyed a variety of foods. Describe 3 of them.
Corn, beans, potatoes, squash, peanuts, seafood, small game
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Why was a written language not necessary for archaeologists to know the daily life of the Moche?
The Moche were experts at pottery and depicted scenes from daily life on them
In what specific region did people first establish settlements? Describe the region
Coastal desert plains; desert with rare rain; established on rivers which run through the desert
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What kind of civilization was Chavin and what evidence is there for that?
Religious; there is no evidence of political or economic organization
What were the two most well-known forms of Nazca art and what did they have drawn on them?
Textiles and pottery; animals and mythological beings
How do archaeologists know about Moche daily life? Give an example of what was depicted on it.
Pottery; doctors healing patients, women weaving cloth, musicians playing instruments, or soldiers leading captive people
What was a possible purpose of Nazca lines? Explains with evidence.
Religion; they drew a hummingbird which represented the mountain gods, the mountains being their main source of water
To mark and map water sources: they drew some very extensive lines, ranging to up to 2,500 feet long