ch.5 sensation & perception
This term describes the process by which sensory stimulus energy is converted into an action potential.
Transduction
This is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience.
What is learning?
This is the field of psychology dedicated to studying how people think, learn, remember, and solve problems.
what is cognitive psychology?
This is the process of getting information out of storage and back into conscious awareness.
what is retrieval?
These two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina detect light, with one type working best in bright light and the other in dim light.
what are cones & rods?
In classical conditioning, this is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to trigger a response on its own.
What is a conditioned Stimulus?
This term describes the best example or mental representation of a concept.
what is a prototype?
This type of memory is continuous, has essentially unlimited capacity, and includes explicit and implicit memories.
what is long-term memory?
This type of perception starts with raw sensory data and builds understanding from the information coming from the senses.
what is bottom-up processing?
In operant conditioning, adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior is called this.
What is positive punishment?
According to Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence, this type of intelligence refers to street smarts and the ability to apply knowledge in everyday situations.
what is practical intelligence?
These specialized brain cells in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex increase neurotransmitter activity with repeated use, strengthening synaptic connections and aiding in memory formation.
what are neurons involved with consolidation?
The smallest level of stimulus energy that can be detected about 50% of the time is called this.
what is absolute threshold?
This is the initial phase in classical conditioning when the organism is learning to associate the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.
What is acquisition?
This type of thinking is considered “outside the box” and allows for multiple solutions to a problem, often linked with creativity.
what is divergent thinking?
According to Daniel Schacter, these errors include misremembering or forgetting, such as suggestibility, false memories, and the effects of misinformation.
what are the seven sins of memory?
This type of processing uses your expectations, knowledge, or past experiences to interpret sensory information.
what is top-down processing?
`This type of learning occurs but is not immediately observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it, often forming a cognitive map.
What is latent learning?
This theory suggests that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on their genetic makeup, determining the extent to which they reach their intellectual potential.
what is the range of reaction theory?
This type of amnesia prevents the formation of new episodic or semantic memories due to hippocampal damage, while still allowing the formation of procedural memories.
what is anterograde amnesia?