Pharmacology Fundamentals
Name the primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics.
What is they block sodium channels, preventing nerve depolarization.
Name the injection that anesthetizes the maxillary central to canine on one side.
What is the ASA nerve block
State what you would do if a patient experienced syncope during injections.
Place in supine position, maintain airway
Name how many mg of lidocaine are in one cartridge of 2% solution.
36 mg.
Your patient reports numbness only in the lip after IANB. Name the nerve that is not anesthetized
Lingual nerve
Name the local anesthetic that is considered the "gold standard" for dental use.
What is Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine
What landmark is used for the inferior alveolar nerve block
What is coronoid notch, pterygomandibular raphe, and occlusal plane.
Explain what causes trismus after injection
Trauma to muscle or blood vessel, contaminated solution or large volume
Name the MRD (maximum recommended dose) of lidocaine with epi for a healthy adult.
500mg
name the component a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism should avoid in local anesthetic.
Epinephrine
vasoconstrictor
What is lidocaine
Name the injection that targets the nasopalatine nerve.
Nasopalatine block
Explain the immediate management of a hematoma
Apply direct pressure and cold compresses
Name the maximum recommended dose of epinephrine for a cardiac compromised patient.
What is .04mg (approximately 2 cartridges of 1:100,000)
If a patient feels an electric shock during the injection what most likely happened.
Needle contacted the nerve.
Name the anesthetic that has the longest duration of action.
What is Bupivacaine.
Injection is too low are too far anterior to the mandibular foramen.
Name the difference between allergic reaction and an overdose.
Allergy = immune response;
Overdose = excessive blood level of drug
Name the anesthesia that is safe to use on a patient taking tricyclic antidepressants.
Prilocaine 4% plain
If your patient is on dialysis and needs SRP. What is the special scheduling consideration you need to make?
What is schedule the appointment the day after dialysis to reduce bleeding risk.
What is the pKa value the closer it is to the tissue pH, the faster the onset.
Name the injection that provides anesthesia to the buccal soft tissue of mandibular molars.
Long buccal nerve block
Explain the first step if a patient shows signs of local anesthetic overdose.
Stop injection, monitor vitals, administer oxygen, call for medical assistance.
Name the amount of mg of articaine in one cartridge of 4% solution.
72mg
The first sign of central nervous system toxicity from a local anesthetic overdose is typically:
What is increased heart rate and respiration