Supreme Court Cases
Addresses the issue of corporal punishment in public schools.
Ingraham vs. Wright
Descriptions of desired student learning
Standards
14th Amendment constitutional rights.
Equal Opportunity
Affirmed students' rights to symbolic speech in public schools.
Tinker v. DesMoines
Compare a student's performance with a specific type of accomplishment or criterion. Capstone assessments are an example of these.
Criterion-referenced assessments
Set the precedent for school searches, balancing student privacy rights with school safety concerns.
New Jersey vs. TLO
Upheld the right of undocumented immigrant children to access public education.
Plyler vs. DOE
Refers to whether the assessment items measure what they are intended to measure.
Validity
Established due process rights for students facing suspension from public schools.
Goss vs. Lopez
Limited student free speech rights in school-sponsored publications.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
The individual's performance is compared with that of a norm group of similar individuals. Often these are referred to as "standardized tests."
Norm-referenced assessments
Schools must provide special education services to students with disabilities, even if their behavior poses challenges.
Honig vs. DOE
The Court held that the removal of the books by the school board was an unconstitutional infringement on the 1st Amendment.
BOE vs. Pico
The consistency of information about student learning that results from repeated use of each assessment item or tasks.
Reliability
Clarified the free speech rights of public employees.
Pickering vs. BOE