Chapter 1
What is the difference between a dependent and independent variable?
The dependent variable changes based on changes in the independent. We change the independent variable in the experiment to see how it changes the dependent.
Why is a water molecule in a V-shape?
Polarity
Provide an example of a primary producer and name the way that organism gets its energy.
Ex. grass, photosynthesis
Clownfish and anemone are an example of which symbiotic relationship?
Mutualism.
What four things describe a population?
Age structure, geographic range, density/distribution, growth rate.
What two forms of air pollution have direct impacts on human health?
Particulates and smog
What two things do all cells have?
Cell membrane and DNA.
What is a control group?
A group in an experiment where nothing is changed, serves as a comparison for the experiment.
A water beetle is an example of what property of water?
Cohesion/surface tension
What is the main byproduct of both chemosynthesis and photosynthesis?
Carbohydrates
How do greenhouse gases effect global temperature?
What is the difference between a point source and a non point source?
A non point source is when pollution occurs through many small events/sources coming together. A point source is one larger event such as an oil spill.
What type of diffusion uses channel proteins?
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Data Analysis 5. Conclusion
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?
In ionic electrons are completely transferred, while they are shared in covalent.
What is the difference between a food chain/web? Which is more useful?
Food web is made of multiple chains. Food web is more useful because it shows a bigger picture of what is happening in the environment.
Which biome contains both a canopy and an understory?
Tropical rainforest.
Name all six density dependent limiting factors.
Predation, competition, disease, parasitism, herbivory, stress from overcrowding.
What is sustainable development? Why is it important?
Sustainable development is development that benefits humans while protecting/preserving the environment. It is important so that we do not destroy environments and can continue to get the resources we need over time.
What is specialization in multicellular organisms?
Cells are assigned their own special jobs.
What is homeostasis? Provide an example.
Homeostasis is an organisms maintaining stable internal conditions despite changes in the environment. Ex. shivering/sweating.
What are the two types of ions that result from ionic bonding? What are their charges?
Cation and anion. Cation is positive, anion is negative.
What two things determine climate?
Temperature and precipitation
When does exponential growth happen?
Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources.
What is the direct cause of raising sea levels?
Global warming which is melting sea ice.
What are the four parts of the nucleus and they function.
Nuclear envelope: membranes that enclose the nucleus
Nuclear pores: allow things in and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus: make ribosomes
Chromatin: genetic material in the nucleus
What is the purpose of peer review?
To make sure that scientific research meets the standards set by scientific community.
What two parts of an amino acid come together to form peptide bonds?
Amino and carboxyl group.
What would happen to an ecosystem/food web if the top consumer/predator were to suddenly die out?
The prey animals would increase since the main predator is no longer eating them.
Which climate zone lies directly along the equator?
Tropical
What are the three steps of demographic transition?
1. birth rates and death rates are both high 2. death rates drop 3. birth rates drop to meet death rates
What banned chemical was responsible for thinning the ozone layer?
CFCs
Describe how proteins are made from start to finish.
Nucleolus makes ribosomes which then go into the rough ER and make proteins. Proteins are then transported to the Golgi apparatus via vesicles where they are finalized, packaged and transported. They will be moved either within/outside the cell via vesicles.