Photosynthesis
What are the four requirements for photosynthesis?
Light, carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll
What is an element?
A substance made of one type of atom
What are the three (standard) states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas (but there are more...)
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up
What is meant by a habitat?
The place where an organism lives
Which tissue carries water around the plant?
Xylem
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons
Why can gases be compressed but solids cannot?
Gases have space between particles; solids do not
What is concentration?
Number of particles in a given volume
What is the difference between a predator and prey?
A predator hunts and eats other organisms; prey are the organisms that are eaten
Why do leaves have many chloroplasts?
To absorb as much light energy as possible
What are the products when a metal reacts with an acid?
Salt and hydrogen
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal wave
Describe one way to measure rate of reaction with a gas.
Measure volume of gas produced over time OR change in mass
Give one example of competition between organisms.
Plants competing for light, water, or nutrients (or animals competing for food or territory)
Explain two ways leaves are adapted for photosynthesis (other than chloroplasts)
Thin → short diffusion distance
Stomata → allow gas exchange
Veins → transport water
Waxy cuticle → reduces water loss
Explain why reactivity increases down Group 1.
Outer electron is further from nucleus and less strongly attracted, so it is lost more easily
Describe two differences between light and sound waves.
Explain why increasing temperature increases rate.
Particles have more kinetic energy → move faster → more frequent and successful collisions
Why do scientists use classification systems?
To organise organisms into groups based on similarities, making them easier to identify and study
Explain how light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature affect photosynthesis.
Write word equations for how Magnesium, zinc, and copper react with hydrochloric acid.
What is the change of state when a solid changes directly into a gas?
sublimation
Explain effects of concentration, temperature, and surface area, on the rate of reaction
A population of insects in a woodland decreases significantly.
Explain how this could affect: