Bipolar and Schizophrenia Basics
What is six months?
The HPA axis contributes to mood instability in psychiatric disorders in this way.
What is dysregulated cortisol secretion affecting stress response?
This property of antipsychotics can cause patients to experience dizziness when standing. Name the condition and mechanism.
What is orthostatic hypotension and alpha 1 blockade.
This anti-psychotic comes in a long acting injectable that can be given once every 6 months.
What is paliperidone?
This type of therapy is one of the most effective treatments for PTSD and involves controlled re-exposure to traumatic experiences.
What is exposure therapy?
Second-generation antipsychotics differ from first-generation in their receptor activity marked by this difference.
What is additional 5-HT2A antagonism?
Neuroimaging findings are commonly observed in PTSD patients.
What is reduced hippocampal volume and amygdala hyperactivity?
This property of Quetiapine reduces it's risk for causing extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS). It is also the primary mechanism of action of Parkinsonian medications.
What is anticholinergic?
Two reasons that prolonged benzodiazepine use is not recommended for PTSD treatment?
PTSD was historically referred to as this term when describing war-related trauma in soldiers.
What is shell shock?
Main reason Clozapine is reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
What is agranulocytosis?
This excitatory neurotransmitter is involved in synaptic plasticity and is linked to rapid antidepressant effects in ketamine treatment.
What is glutamate?
The most significant metabolic risks associated with second-generation antipsychotics
What are weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance?
This second-generation antipsychotic is FDA-approved for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and has a high risk of weight gain and metabolic side effects.
What is Olanzapine?
The reclassification of PTSD in DSM-5 moved it from an anxiety disorder to this category.
Trauma and stress related disorder
The gold standard treatment for acute bipolar depression is a combination of this atypical antipsychotic and an SSRI.
What is Olanzapine and Fluoxetine (Symbyax)?
The mesocortical dopamine pathway is hypoactive in schizophrenia, contributing to these types of symptoms.
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Mechanism of action of valproic acid in mood stabilization.
What is increasing GABAergic inhibition and modulating sodium channels?
Side effect to anti-psychotics can occur within hours of administering an antipsychotic and is life threatening.
What is a laryngospasm?
Experimental pharmacological intervention has shown promise in reducing PTSD flashbacks and other dissociative symptoms.
What is Ketamine?
A rapid cycling pattern in bipolar disorder means a person experiences at least this many mood episodes per year.
What is four episodes?
Mood stabilizers like valproic acid and lamotrigine work by enhancing this inhibitory neurotransmitter, reducing neuronal excitability.
Tardive Dyskinesia
This anti-psychotic is mostly like to cause an inability to sit still.
What is Aripiprazole(Abilify)?
Name one gene that has been linked to increased PTSD susceptibility due to its role in regulating the HPA axis.
What is FKBP5, CRHR1 or NR3C1