Reinforcement & Schedules
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by a stimulus that ________ the future frequency of the behavior.
increases
What is the process of teaching a new skill by breaking it down into smaller steps?
task analysis
What does the term baseline refer to?
data collected before intervention
What type of graph is most commonly used in ABA to display behavior data over time?
line graph
What type of prompt uses words or verbal cues to help the learner respond?
verbal prompt
Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by a stimulus that _____ the future frequency of the behavior.
decreases
Teaching one step at a time and reinforcing each correct step before moving on is known as what?
chaining
Recording behavior in a set time interval, marking if it occurred at all, is called what?
partial interval recording
The x-axis on a graph represents what?
time (sessions, days, trials)
What prompting strategy starts with the most intrusive prompt and fades to the least?
most-to-least prompting
Selectively reinforcing specific behaviors while withholding reinforcement for others
differential reinforcement
What is it called when you provide a prompt and then gradually remove it over time?
prompt fading
What are the four main functions of behavior?
escape, access (tangible), attention, and automatic (sensory)
The y-axis on a graph represents what?
measure of behavior (frequency, duration, rate)
What type of generalization happens when a learner responds correctly to different but similar stimuli?
stimulus generalization
RBT presents a total task chaining target and every 3 responses the client gets a token/verbal praise. What schedule of reinforcement is this?
FR3 verbal praise+ token
What is the goal of teaching in ABA?
increase independence and generalization of skills
teaching and reinforcing a behavior that serves the same function as a problem behavior is called what?
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
What is a data path?
a line that connects data points
When an RBT waits for the child to initiate and then prompts the correct response, what is that called?
incidental teaching
What are the 4 schedules of reinforcement that can be used interchangeably?
Fixed, interval, variable, and ratio
What type of teaching uses clear antecedent–behavior–consequence (A–B–C) sequences in a structured format?
discrete trial training (DTT)
What is one main difference between an MSWO and an MSW (Multiple Stimulus With Replacement)?
in an MSWO, items are not replaced after selection; in an MSW, they are replaced
What is the difference between phase change lines and event lines?
phase change line shows an intervention change and event line shows environmental factors that could be a barrier to treatment.
Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior is called what?
extinction