Chapter 3
What are the compounds that release ions in water called?
Electrolytes.
What are the monosaccharides that make Lactose?
Glucose + Galactose
What macromolecule is not composed of monomers?
Steroids.
True or false, Prokaryotic cells are characterized by having no nucleus, unbound DNA in a region called nucleoid, and no membrane-bound organells.
True.
Of what glycoproteins is the ECM made? (Extracellular Matrix).
Collagen, Proteoglycans, and fibronectin
Substances that are able to resists changes in pH by absorbing excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions?
Buffers
If you mix Glucose + Glucose by dehydration synthesis, what do you get?
Maltose.
List at least 2 examples of steroids.
Testosterone.
cortisone
vitamin D
cholesterol
What subunit in a ribosome is in charge of creating peptide bonds and synthesis of polypeptide chains?
Large subunit.
In which organelle inside the cell is ATP metabolized?
What kind of buffer does the respiratory system uses?
Bicarbonate Buffering System.
List at least one of the essential functions of fats in the human body.
Energy storage (as much as double the amount of energy stored in carbohydrates.)
Cushioning.
Insulation.
What is the other name that the side chain in amino acids receive?
R Group
What is the name of the region of the ER that lacks ribosomes.
Smooth ER
What is the pH of the cytosol and what is the pH of a lysosome?
pH Lysosome 5.0.
If you are diagnosed with heartburn, what is probably the medication that the doctor is going to prescribe?
Antacids.
Suppose you have an Omega 12 fatty acid, in what position of the carbon chain will you find the first double bond?
Carbon number 12.
What is the level of protein structure in which an association of multiple polypeptides or subunits assemble together?
Quaternary
Which organelle inside a cell is in charge of synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, detoxifying drugs, and storing calcium?
Smooth ER
List at least three components/organelles of the endomembrane system.
Nuclear envelope
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
vacuoles and plasma membrane.
A man died. It was said that he had died because of an excess of water in his body, which caused sodium levels to drop. What did he most likely die to?
Hyponatremia.
These are the major components of Cell membranes.
Phospholipids.
Where is DNA synthesized.
In what kind of Cell (in your body) does the smooth ER detoxifies drugs and poisons?
Liver Cells.
In the endomembrane system, what connects all the components?
Vesicles.