Aphasia
Name 2 nonfluent types of aphasia
Broca's, Transcortical Motor, Mixed Transcortical, and Global
List 3 common causes of a TBI
falls, automobile accidents, head striking stationary objects/being struck by moving objects, assaults, sports-related concussion, battlefield blasts, and alcohol and drug abuse
The neuropsychological profile most commonly seen in this dementia includes early episodic memory loss, followed by impaired semantic memory, and later deficits in executive function.
What is Alzheimer’s disease?
Age‑related, non‑pathological changes in swallowing that a clinician must differentiate from true impairment are known by this term.
What is presbyphagia?
This motor speech disorder is caused by neurologic damage that leads to abnormal strength, speed, range, steadiness, tone, or accuracy of movement in the muscles for respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, and resonance.
What is Dysarthria?
Effortless speech with normal phrase length, rapid rate of speech with normal prosodic features and good articulation, intact grammatical structures, severe anomia, paraphasic speech (semantic and literal paraphasias), circumlocution, empty speech, poor auditory comprehension, impaired conversational turn-taking, impaired repetition skill, reading and writing problems, anosognosia, paranoia, and absence of neurological symptoms
open-head brain injury
Early neurofibrillary tangles in this brain region contribute to the hallmark episodic memory loss seen in Alzheimer’s disease.
What is the hippocampus?
The gold standard instrumental examination that visualizes the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing during ingestion of contrast is abbreviated as this.
What is videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS)
What is the main difference between apraxia of speech and dysarthria
Apraxia of speech is a planning/programming disorder, while dysarthria is a muscle/neuromuscular execution disorder
Name 4 major symptoms of aphasia
Paraphasia, repetition, logoohea, empty speech, agrammatoc speech, anomia, impaired fluency, circumlocution, automatic language, imapired comprehension, imapired reading and writing problems, impaired gestures, and impaired pronoun production
T/F: Blast injuries cause only open-head injuries.
False. Blast injuries cause both closed-head and open-head injuries
RH damage can lead to deficits in pitch, stress, and intonation, which are collectively assessed under this aspect of communication.
What is prosody?
With this technique, a patient is first educated about laryngeal elevation, then asked to palpate the laryngeal elevation when swallowing saliva, and finally, taught to hold the laryngeal elevation during swallowing for progressively longer durations.
What is the Mendelsohn maneuver
A client with confirmed lower motor neuron damage presents with breathy voice, hypernasality, imprecise consonants, and audible nasal emissions. Which dysarthria type best fits this profile?
What is Flaccid Dysarthria?
Name 3 differences between Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia
Broca's - nonfluent, effortful speech, misarticulation, better auditory comprehension than spoken language, impaired grammatical structures, monotonous speech, awareness of expressive language deficits
Wernicke's - fluent, effortless speech, poor auditory comprehension, intact grammatical structures, normal prosody, anosognosia
TBI assessment includes a general assessment of levels of...
consciousness, arousal, orientation, attention, and memory
A behavioral intervention approach for moderate to severe dementia that pairs errorless learning with spaced recall to help patients retain functional tasks.
What is spaced retrieval training?
At what anatomical landmark does the pharyngeal stage of swallowing begin?
What is the Valleculae
A patient’s speech is described as “drunken” with irregular articulatory breakdowns, irregular alternating motion rates, and excess and equal stress. What neuroanatomical localization and dysarthria type are most consistent with these findings?
What is cerebellar control circuit involvement (ataxic dysarthria)?
A client with good repetition skills, normal automatic speech, impaired auditory comprehension, echolalia of grammatically incorrect forms, fluent speech, and severe naming problems has what kind of aphasia?
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Similar to Wernicke's, but TSA has intact repetition, whereas Wernicke's does not
You are assessing a 20-year-old man who was involved in an auto accident with severe head injury. The medical diagnosis is nonpenetrating head injury. In this case, you expect to observe A. intact meninges B. torn meninges C. no skull fracture D. an open wound
A. intact meninges
Impaired emotional perception of voice tone and stress patterns in RH damage is most closely evaluated by assessing this aspect of speech that carries affective meaning beyond literal content.
What is emotional prosody?
At 6 months of age, an infant like Alice, who is coughing and choking on thin liquids, would be expected to demonstrate this type of jaw movement during feeding, while more advanced tongue elevation and solid food manipulation have not yet developed.
What is vertical jaw movement
In apraxia of speech, phrases like “Hello” or “How are you?” that someone can often say more easily because they use them all the time are called this type of speech.
What is automatic speech?