Plato & Socrates
This philosopher was executed via Hemlock
Socrates
What is the name of the Socratic Dialogue that talks about the nature of piety?
The Euthyphro
soul
what is the law of noncontradiction
for any proposition P, it is impossible that both P and not-P both be true at the same time and in the same sense.
Ex: "the house is white" and "the house is not white" cannot both be true at the same time and in the same sense
the two charges against Socrates are
corrupting the youth
impiety
What does the Cave represent?
The material world/ world of sense/ world of becoming
what is the process by which individuals acquire Knowledge for Plato?
Recollection
The _______ was founded by ________ in 383 BC
Academy, Plato
Why is Euthyphro at the court?
To prosecute his father for killing a servant
1. in the guardian rulers
2. it consists of a knowledge of what is good for the state as a whole
how many parts of the Soul are there for Plato and what are they
three (nous, thumos, epithumia)
Who are Socrates' three accusers?
Meletus, Anytus, Lycon
Being
What is the example that Plato uses to illustrate Recollection?
Lover and Lyre example: If my lover were to play the lyre, then the sight of a lyre would bring to mind my lover even though they are distinct concepts
_______________ is chiefly concerned with questions of "HOW" instead of "WHY"
Natural Philosophy
priest
how is the virtue of courage expressed in the state
1. it is possessed by the guardian warriors
2. it consists of a perseverance in the knowledge of what ought or ought not to be feared
which virtue and part of the state correspond with the Nous
wisdom; guardian rulers
The _____ was a play by ________ that satirized Socrates
Clouds, Aristophanes
particulars exist insofar as they ________ in their respective __________
participate, form
Plato thinks our knowledge of the Forms comes from before ______________
we were born
Plato/Socrates identifies _______ as providing the ultimate "WHY"
THE GOOD / The Form of the Good
What is one horn of the Euthyphro Dilemma?
Either "Does God love something because it is good" or "is something good because God loves it."
how is the virtue of temperance expressed in the state
1. possessed by the whole state
2. consists of a harmonious agreement between the naturally superior and inferior parts as to which part is fit to rule
which virtue and part of the state correspond with the Thumos
the god
This form of perception is perfect, and deals with things that do not change
knowledge
Fire always participates in Hot and Three always participates in Odd. What implications does this have for the soul?
The soul always participates in life. Since forms exclude their opposites, the soul cannot participate in death, therefore, the soul cannot die.
This Philosopher fought in the Peloponnesian War
Socrates
What is one horn of the Euthyphro Dilemma
how is the virtue of justice expressed in the state
1. possessed by the whole state
2. consists in each person playing their role in the community and not interfering with others' roles
which virtue(s) and part of the state correspond to the Epithumia
temperance, justice, (although they correspond to the whole state) citizens
Socrates compares himself to a _______ and the city of Athens to a ________
gadfly, horse
this form of perception is imperfect, and pertains to changing objects of sense
belief or opinion
what was the year of Socrates' execution?
399 BC
How does Plato answer the Euthyphro Dilemma?
Something is good because it participates in the Good
Which one of Socrates' students joined the Thirty Tyrants?
Critias
which early Christian heresy was heavily influenced by the Platonic emphasis on the soul over the body?
gnosticism
what are Socrates' last words in the Phaedo?
sacrifice a rooster to Asclepius
What is another name for the view that math is discovered, not invented?
Mathematical Platonism
what is another name for the Form of Beauty, the Form of Truth, and the Form of Goodness?